The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 12, No. 71, September, 1863: A Magazine of Literature, Art, and PoliticsVarious
Religion
The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 12, No. 71, September, 1863: A Magazine of Literature, Art, and Politics
Various
American periodicals
There is, however, one animal now in existence, forming one of those
singular links before alluded to between the present and the past, of
which I will say a few words here, though its relation is rather with a
later group of Tertiary Pachyderms than with those described by Cuvier.
On the coast of Florida there is an animal of very massive, clumsy
build, long considered to be a Cetacean, but now recognized, by some
naturalists at least, as belonging to the order of Pachyderms. In form
it resembles the Cetaceans, though it has a fan-shaped tail, instead of
the broad flapper of the Whales. It inhabits fresh waters or shoal
waters, and is not so exclusively aquatic as the oceanic Cetaceans. Its
most striking feature is the form of the lower jaw, which is bent
downward, with the front teeth hanging from it. This animal is called
the Manatee, or Sea-Cow. There are three species known to
naturalists,--one in Tampa Bay, one in the Amazon, and one in Africa. In
the Tertiary deposits of Germany there has been found an animal allied
in some of its features to those described by Cuvier, but it has the
crown of its teeth folded like the Tapir, while the lower jaw is turned
down with a long tusk growing from it. This animal has been called the
Dinotherium. A part of the head, showing the heavy jaws and the
formidable tusk, is represented in the subjoined wood-cut.
[Illustration]
Its hanging lower jaw, with the protruding tusk, corresponds perfectly
to the formation of the lower jaw and teeth in the Manatee. Some
resemblance of the Dinotherium to the Mastodon suggested a comparison
with that animal as the next step in the investigation, when it was
found that at the edge of the lower jaw of the latter there was a pit
with a small projecting tooth, also corresponding exactly in its
position to the tusk in the Dinotherium. The Elephant was now examined;
and in him also a rudimentary tooth appeared in the lower jaw, not cut
through, but placed in the same relation to the jaw and the other teeth
as that of the Mastodon. It would seem, then, that the Manatee makes one
in this series of Dinotherium, Mastodon, and Elephant, and represents
the aquatic Pachyderms, occupying the same relation to the terrestrial
Pachyderms as the Seals bear to the terrestrial Carnivora, and, like
them, lowest in structure among their kind.
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