The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 20, No. 122, December, 1867: A Magazine of Literature, Science, Art, and PoliticsVarious
General
The Atlantic Monthly, Volume 20, No. 122, December, 1867: A Magazine of Literature, Science, Art, and Politics
Various
American periodicals
With this proclivity of his imagination, Webster's power as a dramatist
consists in confining the domain of his tragedy within definite limits,
in excluding all variety of incident and character which could interfere
with his main design of awaking terror and pity, and in the intensity
with which he arrests, and the tenacity with which he holds the
attention, as he drags the mind along the pathway which begins in
misfortune or guilt, and ends in death. He is such a spendthrift of his
stimulants, and accumulates horror on horror, and crime on crime, with
such fatal facility, that he would render the mind callous to his
terrors, were it not that what is acted is still less than what is
suggested, and that the souls of his characters are greater than their
sufferings or more terrible than their deeds. The crimes and the
criminals belong to Italy as it was in the sixteenth century, when
poisoning and assassination were almost in the fashion; the feelings
with which they are regarded are English; and the result of the
combination is to make the poisoners and assassins more fiendishly
malignant in spirit than they actually were. Thus Ferdinand, in "The
Duchess of Malfy," is the conception formed by an honest, deep-thoughted
Englishman of an Italian duke and politician, who had been educated in
those maxims of policy which were generalized by Machiavelli. Webster
makes him a devil, but a devil with a soul to be damned. The Duchess,
his sister, is discovered to be secretly married to her steward; and in
connection with his brother, the Cardinal, the Duke not only resolves on
her death, but devises a series of preliminary mental torments to madden
and break down her proud spirit. The first is an exhibition of wax
figures, representing her husband and children as they appeared in
death. Then comes a dance of madmen, with dismal howls and songs and
speeches. Then a tomb-maker whose talk is of the charnel-house, and who
taunts her with her mortality. She interrupts his insulting homily with
the exclamation, "Am I not thy Duchess?" "Thou art," he scornfully
replies, "some great woman sure, for riot begins to sit on thy forehead
(clad in gray hairs) twenty years sooner than on a merry milkmaid's.
Thou sleepest worse than if a mouse should be forced to take up her
lodging in a cat's ear; a little infant that breeds its teeth, should
it lie with thee, would cry out, as if thou wert the more unquiet
bedfellow." This mockery only brings from her firm spirit the proud
assertion, "I am Duchess of Malfy still." Indeed, her mind becomes
clearer and calmer as the tortures proceed. At first she had imprecated
curses on her brothers, and cried,
"Plagues that make lanes through largest families,
Consume them!"
But now, when the executioners appear, when her dirge is sung,
containing those tremendous lines,
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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