The Attic theatre : $b a description of the stage and theatre of the Athenians, and of the dramatic performances at AthensHaigh, A. E. (Arthur Elam)
History
The Attic theatre : $b a description of the stage and theatre of the Athenians, and of the dramatic performances at Athens
Haigh, A. E. (Arthur Elam)
Athens (Greece) -- Intellectual life; Greek drama -- History and criticism; Theater -- Greece -- Athens -- History -- To 500
In most cases the entrance of the chorus took place at the conclusion
of the ‘prologue’ or introductory scene upon the stage; and the march
in was accompanied by a chant, which was called the ‘parodos’, or
entrance-song.[909] However, in a considerable number of plays there
was no parodos at all, but the chorus entered the orchestra in silence,
while the first act of the drama was in progress, and then commenced a
musical dialogue with the actors upon the stage. Instances of this mode
of entrance are to be found in such tragedies as the Electra of Sophocles
and the Orestes of Euripides.[910] A few plays do not conform to either
of these two conventional types. Occasionally, for instance, there is
no prologue, and the play begins with the parodos, as in the Supplices
and Persae of Aeschylus. This was no doubt the old-fashioned mode of
commencement, derived from the times when the drama was still entirely
lyrical. Then again, in the Eumenides the parodos is sung on the second
entrance of the Furies, after their arrival at Athens. In the Supplices
of Euripides the chorus are seen kneeling upon the stage in supplication
when the play commences. There they remain in silence during the
performance of the prologue, and then proceed to sing an ode, in place
of the usual parodos, from their position on the stage. In the Clouds it
appears that the chorus chant the first two odes behind the scenes, and
then enter the orchestra silently. The Rhesus commences with a dialogue
in anapaests between Hector and the chorus.
The next point to be considered is the position taken up by the chorus
after entering the orchestra. On most occasions, as already stated, the
chorus came in by the western side, drawn up in rectangular formation,
with the stage on its right hand and the spectators on its left. It
advanced half-way into the orchestra, then came to a halt, and each
member of the chorus turned round to the right, so as to face the stage.
By this manœuvre the whole chorus was made to look towards the stage, and
the arrangement by files was converted into one by ranks. For instance,
the tragic chorus, which had entered three abreast and five deep, now
stood before the stage five abreast and three deep. The coryphaeus and
principal choreutae stood in the back line, and retained their position
nearest to the spectators, and furthest away from the stage. This
position they kept throughout the performance.[911] In a similar manner
the comic chorus, after entering the orchestra four abreast and six
deep, would halt in front of the stage, go through the manœuvre just
described, and convert itself into a body standing six abreast and four
deep. There is no information as to the position of the coryphaeus in the
comic chorus. But there can be no doubt that, like the tragic coryphaeus,
he stood in the back row, as near as possible to the spectators.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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