[72] Major-General Maurice says: “I am convinced that history will decide that it was the crossing of the Marne in the early hours of the 9th by the British Army which turned the scale against Kluck and saved Maunoury at a time of crisis.... That an army which on August 23 had been all but surrounded by an enemy who outnumbered it by two to one should have fought its way out, retreated 170 miles, and then immediately turned about and taken a decisive part in the battle which changed the course of the campaign of 1914, is as wonderful an achievement as is to be found in the history of war” (_Forty Days_, pp. 183–4). [73] Hanotaux, _Histoire Illustrée_, vol. vii. pp. 132–8. [74] _Idem_, pp. 172–5. [75] Foch, _Des Principes de la Guerre_. [76] M. Hanotaux (p. 76) regards this last part of the plan as “pure folly,” as “a few thousand resolute men holding the defiles, crests, and cliffs would break whole armies before Nancy was attained.” This appears to be an exaggeration; but it is highly probable that before Nancy, as before Mons and on other occasions at the beginning of the war, the German Armies lost, through the traditional belief in envelopment, what they might have gained by concentration on the central attack. [77] “Choses Vues à Metz,” _Revue Hebdomadaire_, December 18, 1915. Colonel Feyler quotes from the _Lokal Anzeiger_ of Berlin the following commentary on one of the Kaiser’s earlier appearances at the Front: “The presence of the Emperor demonstrates clearly what a development events have taken.... The Emperor would never have gone into France if those responsible had envisaged the possibility of the German Army being thrown back beyond the frontier. His presence among his troops in enemy country will not fail to produce a deep impression in Germany as well as abroad.” [78] Quoted in _Un Village Lorrain en Août—Septembre 1914. Réméréville_, by C. Berlet. [79] Lt.-Col. Thomasson, _Le Revers_, introduction. [80] Professor Friedrich Meinecke, of Freiburg University, in the _Frankfürter Zeitung_, December 31, 1916. INDEX Air Forces, German and Allied, 18, 27, 126, 140, 141, 167, 241–2 Aisne, German stand on the, 187–8, 192–3 Alsace, French advance and withdrawal in, 2, 29, 56, 212 Amade, General d’, 28, 35, 65, 66, 72 Americans urged to leave Paris, 82, 260 Amiens occupied by Von Kluck, 72, 80 Antwerp, 40, 44, 88, 105 Ardennes, Belgian, French offensive into, 24, 31–3, 36 Armaments, German and Allied compared, 14, 215 Artillery, German and French, 17, 18, 215; at Namur and Maubeuge, 40, 257; in the battle of the Marne, 104, 126, 128, 146, 180, 201, 210 Battlefield described, 106–9, 113–4, 143–4, 170–1, 203–7 Bavarian Corps, Prince Ruprecht and, 30, 56, 61–3, 87, 197–213 Belgium, the surprise in, 12–13, 21, 26–7, 34, 36, 38, 41, 45, 49, 54, 215, 247–51 Belgium’s contribution, 15, 27, 32, 37–41, 43–4 Berthaut, General, defends the French Staff, 245–6