they re-entered Kalafat, which, now mounting 250 heavy guns, and garrisoned (including Widdin) by 25,000 men, might safely promise a desperate resistance to any further Russian attempt.” CIUDAD RODRIGO.--This strong fortress of Spain was invested by the French, June 11th, 1810, and surrendered July 10th, following.--Remained in the hands of the French till stormed gallantly by the British, under Wellington, January 19th, 1812.--Loss of the British and Portuguese 1000 killed and wounded, equal number of French, and 1700 prisoners. CLONTARF, BATTLE OF.--Fought between the Irish and Danes on Good Friday, 1039. The Danes were signally defeated, 11,000 of them perished in battle, but the Irish had to deplore the loss of Bryan Boiroimhe, the King, and many of the nobility. CLOSTERSEVEN, CONVENTION OF.--Between the Duke of Cumberland, third son of George II, and the Duke of Richelieu, commanding the French; 38,000 Hanovarians laid down their arms and were dispersed,--signed September 10th, 1757. COALITIONS AGAINST FRANCE. 1st. Prussia issued her manifesto June 26th, 1792. 2nd. Great Britain, Germany, Russia, Naples, Portugal and Turkey signed them, June 22nd, 1799. 3rd. Great Britain, Russia, Austria and Naples, August 5th, 1805. 4th. Great Britain, Russia, Prussia and Saxony, October 6th, 1806. 5th. England and Austria, April 6th, 1809. 6th. Russia and Prussia, ratified at Kalisch, March 17th, 1813. COLONEL.--This word is derived from the French, and means the chief commander of a regiment of troops. COMMANDERS-IN-CHIEF OF THE BRITISH ARMY SINCE 1674: Duke of Monmouth 1674 Duke of Marlborough 1690 Duke of Schomberg 1691 Duke of Ormond 1711 Earl of Stair 1744 Field Marshal Wade 1745 Lord Ligonier 1757 Marquess of Granby 1766 Lord Amherst 1778 General Seymour Conway 1782 Lord Amherst again 1793 Frederick, Duke of York 1795 Sir David Dundas March 25, 1809 Frederick, Duke of York May 29, 1811 Duke of Wellington Jan’y 22, 1827 Lord Hill, Gen’l Commander-in-Chief Feb’y 25, 1828 Duke of Wellington again Dec. 28, 1842 Viscount Hardinge Sept. 25, 1852 Duke of Cambridge July 15, 1856 CONFEDERATION OF THE RHINE.--The League of the Germanic States formed under the auspices of Napoleon Bonaparte. By this celebrated League the German States had to raise 258,000 troops to serve in case of war. It terminated with the downfall of Napoleon.