Elm, the treaty, at Philadelphia, 99. the Washington, at Cambridge, 135. Emigrants (note), 33. Experiments (note), 118. Explorer (note), 2. Fable of the Frog (note), 247. Fairfax estate, 126. Lord, and Washington, 126. his land, 127. hires Washington to survey, 127. death of, 143. Father Gibault (Zhe-bo'), 164. White, 78, 80. Ferdinand and Isabella, 6, 7, 16. Flag, first American, 135. the British (note), 142. torn down at New York, 144. U.S., origin of (note), 142. carried round the world, 233. "Star Spangled Banner" (note), 181. of Texas, 230. Jasper saves the, 140. Flint and steel, 84. Florida, discovery of, 28. name of (note), 28. settlement of, 30. Indian war in, 218. purchase of, 30, 218. Fort, Boone's, 150. Detroit, 161. Indian, 93. Jamestown, 38. Kaskaskia, 161-163. Manhattan, 59. McHenry (note), 181. Moultrie, 140. Necessity, 130. Plymouth, 70. St. Augustine, 30. Sutter's, 236. Vincennes, 161, 164-167. Fortifications on Dorchester Heights, 169. at New Orleans, 217. Forts, British, at the West, 161. French, at the West, 128. Founds (note), 73. Fountain, the magic, 28. Franklin, Benjamin, boyhood of, 111. works for his father, 111. is apprenticed to his brother, 111. boards himself, 111. is badly treated, 111. runs away, 112. his walk across New Jersey, 112. lands in Philadelphia, 113. buys some rolls, 113. sees Miss Read, 113. goes to a Quaker meeting, 113. gets work in a printing-office, 114. goes to Boston on a visit, 114. learns to stoop, 114. returns to Philadelphia, 115. goes to London, 115. called the "Water American," 115. returns to Philadelphia, 116. sets up a newspaper, 110, 116. his "sawdust pudding," 116. his almanac, 110. his sayings, 110. his plan of life, 117. what he did for Philadelphia, 109, 117. experiments with electricity, 118, 119. his electrical picture, 118. his electrical kite, 119. his discoveries in electricity, 119. invents the lightning-rod, 120. receives title of Doctor, 120. services in the Revolution, 121. thinks we must fight with bows and arrows, 136. gets help for us from France, 121. his funeral, 121. counties named for him, 121. summary of, 122. Friends (or Quakers), religion of, 97. persecuted in England, 97. go to Pennsylvania, 98. friendly relations with the Indians, 99. See William Penn. Fulton, Robert, birth and boyhood of, 193. his paddle-wheel scow, 193. care of his mother, 193. goes to England and France, 194. builds iron bridges, 194. his diving-boat, 194. torpedo experiments in France, 194. torpedo experiments in England, 195. England's offer of money, 195. his reply, 195. builds his first steamboat, 196. returns to America, 197. builds steamboat here, 197. trip up the Hudson, 197. builds steamboat for the West, 198. what he did for Western emigration, 199. his grave, 199. summary of, 200.