[Footnote 56: “Church towers in a flat country are the only observation points, and so they are used, and so they are shelled.”—Ernest Poole, in “Cassell’s Magazine,” No. 42, p. 27.] [Footnote 57: From “Is It To Be Hate?” (Allen and Unwin), a pamphlet which I wrote in 1915. On many points there dealt with my second thoughts are different, as are those of many others. We have learned much since then.] [Footnote 58: The public is extraordinarily innocent as regards this kind of information. It would form an interesting subject for post-war analysis.] [Footnote 59: Cf. p. 157.] [Footnote 60: From “Is It To Be Hate?” by the Author.] [Footnote 61: _La guerre devant Le Palais._ Par Gabriel Mourey. Paris. Ollendorff 2f.—_Times_ Literary Supplement, Aug. 19, 1915.] [Footnote 62: Cf. M. Mourey on the Uhlans at Compiègne, p. 206.] [Footnote 63: See also p. 104.] [Footnote 64: p. 90.] [Footnote 65: “England,” “Germany,” “France,” etc., in these connections actually stand for a very small group of diplomats controlling foreign policy. The association of the names unfortunately makes us think of the countries as a whole, a word fallacy that leads to illimitable disaster.] [Footnote 66: p. 91.] [Footnote 67: The variability of war stories may be observed also in the columns of the _Times_ during the Crimean War. The truth is, no doubt, that great local differences of treatment occur, and that stories to the discredit of an enemy are more welcomed than stories in his favour.] [Footnote 68: In the _International Review_ of August 10, 1915, an Austrian lady, Charlotte Frankl, gives an account of the warm-hearted help she received in France, and the even greater kindness she and others received in England: “Not one of us had had unhappy experiences in England.”] [Footnote 69: War was declared upon Austria May 23, 1915, and though formal declaration of war against Germany was delayed for more than a year, the obvious fact was that Italy had taken sides with the enemy.] [Footnote 70: Cf. p. 199.] [Footnote 71: The British Chemical Society expelled its honorary German and Austrian Fellows, men who had worked for the whole of humanity. The German Chemical Society was asked by some of its members to expel an English Honorary Fellow who had attacked German men of science with exceptional virulence. The Society adopted the dignified course of taking no action amidst the passions of war.]