It is in the internment camps everywhere, rather than in the fighting line, that bitterness sinks into the soul. It will not be remedied by more bitterness. But if the suffering of these men’s stagnant years helps to strengthen a universal resolve for peace it will not have been a useless suffering. And peace means understanding by each of the good in the other. FOOTNOTES: [Footnote 13: Many older men (even those over seventy) were subsequently interned.] [Footnote 14: There were 35,000 Germans in Paris alone in 1870, but though expelled from the Department of the Seine, they were not interned.] [Footnote 15: This was emphasised by the German authorities. See, for instance, Israel Cohen, “The Ruhleben Prison Camp,” pp. 21-24.] [Footnote 16: Cf. pp. 216, 218, etc.] [Footnote 17: “In this camp, as is usual where civilians are detained, the atmosphere is one of depression.”—Mr. Jackson on a civilian camp at Senne, Sept. 11, 1915.] [Footnote 18: “Overseer” seems to be a translation of the German “Obermann,” and represents, I think, the captain of a barrack.] [Footnote 19: The second list represents members of the Camp Committee (see further p. 99).] [Footnote 20: “Barrack” is no doubt meant.] [Footnote 21: There are a large number of men interned at Ruhleben who are technically British subjects by reason of their having been born in British territory of naturalised British subjects, but who have spent practically all their lives in Germany.] [Footnote 22: Cf. the report on Knockaloe (May, 1916) on p. 114.] [Footnote 23: The original barrack captains were chosen, as an informant of mine writes, “in a hurry, when things were chaotic.” Dissatisfaction was felt with their action, or inaction, and a “Camp Committee” was formed of newly elected representatives of the different barracks, which was, as it were, to supervise the captains (overseers). The arrangement was scarcely likely to work, and did not. The election, moreover, seems to have been but partial.] [Footnote 24: Cf. p. 115.] [Footnote 25: One of the difficulties at Newbury was the absence of light.] [Footnote 26: A very useful account of Ruhleben is given by Israel Cohen in “The Ruhleben Prison Camp.” In reading such accounts one must always, however, remember that to complete the picture we ought to be able to read accounts written by interned German civilians of their experiences on this side. Such a consideration should be obvious, but in war the obvious and reasonable are too often vehemently rejected as “unpatriotic”!] [Footnote 27: For the mental difference between the civilian and the military prisoner see page 84.]