{33a} The Spanish _Seo_ = a cathedral. {33b} _Serra_ is the Portuguese form of the Spanish _Sierra_ = a saw. {35} The barbarous seaman’s English transliteration of _Setubal_, the town of Tubal, a word which perpetuates one of the most ancient legends of Spanish antiquity (see Genesis x. 2, and Burke’s _History of Spain_, chap. i.). {38} 1554–1578 (see note on p. 8). {39} “The Fashion or ordering of the Chapel of the most illustrious and Christian prince, Henry VI. King of England and France, and lord of Ireland, described for the most serene prince, Alfonso the illustrious King of Portugal [Alfonso V., ‘The African’] by his humble servant William Sav., Dean of the aforesaid chapel.” This was William Saye of New College, Oxford, who was Proctor of the University in 1441, and afterwards D.D. and Dean of the Cathedral of St. Paul, and of the Chapel of Henry VI. (See Gutch, _Appendix to Woods Fasti Oxonienses_, p. 48). {41} Portuguese _oração_ or _oraçam_—a prayer. {44} This, the correct Portuguese form, is that generally used in English, though the Spanish _auto-de-fé_ is often referred to. {47} _Alecrim_ is usually supposed to be a word of Arab origin. The Spanish for rosemary is, however, quite different, _romero_. The Goths and Vandals have, it may be noticed in passing, scarcely enriched the modern vocabulary of the Peninsula by a single word. (See the Glossary.) {50} The modern form of “_Hymne Marseillaise_” is less correct. Hymns of the kind are masculine in French; those that are sung in churches only are feminine! {55} Spanish _hidalgo_. {57} “Surrender, scoundrel, surrender!” {59a} The Portuguese form. {59b} The missing word would seem to be “Catholics.” Borrow was fond of such, apparently meaningless, mystery. {66} Toreno (1786–1843), a statesman and historian, thrice banished on account of his liberal opinions, died in exile in Paris. His friend Martinez de la Rosa (1789–1862), who experienced a somewhat similar fate, was the author of some dramas and a satire entitled _El Cementerio de Monco_. See Kennedy, _Modern Poets and Poetry of Spain_, p. 169. Toreno’s historical works have been translated into French. {67a} When the Jews were banished from Spain by the Catholic sovereign in 1492, they were received into Portugal by the more liberal John II., on payment of a tax or duty of eight _cruzados_. Armourers and smiths paid four _cruzados_ only. Before the marriage of his cousin, King Emmanuel, with the widowed Princess Isabella in 1497, the Jews were subject to renewed persecution in Portugal by arrangement between Isabella the Catholic and her son-in-law (see Burke’s _History of Spain_, chaps, xlvi., xlix.). {67b} See Appendix to this volume. {68} A seaport town in North Africa, better known by the name of Mogadore (see chap. lii.). {69} The name that may not be spoken; that is, Jehovah or _Yahweh_ (see Glossary, _sub verb_.).