* * * * * BILLING AND SONS, LTD., PRINTERS, GUILDFORD [Illustration: MAP OF EGYPT and the SOUDAN 1904 _London: Stanford’s Geogl. Estabt._ London: Edward Arnold.] FOOTNOTES: [Footnote 1: 1 metre = about 39 inches.] [Footnote 2: A cubic metre of water equals, roughly, 1 ton.] [Footnote 3: For the purpose of illustration, it is interesting to compare the discharge of the Thames at Teddington: _Cubic Metres per Second._ During June the average discharge for the twenty years ending 1902 was 35 The average in June, 1903, was 178 The discharge on June 21, 1903, was 387 On February 21, 1900, it was 533 And on November 18, 1894 (greatest on record), it was 1,065 I have given the discharge in cubic metres per second, the unit generally in use on the Nile. On the Thames the figures are usually given in gallons per day, which sounds much more imposing. If the number of cubic metres per second is multiplied by about 1,900,000, it gives approximately the number of gallons per day. But, after all, the discharge of the Thames in June, 1903, was not so very far below that of the Nile during the same month.] [Footnote 4: The Egyptian peasant, however, refuses to accept the prosaic evidence of his eyes about these rats, and, like the stout conservative he is, prefers to believe the old tradition that they turn to mud during the flood season. Many a man will gravely assert that he has himself observed the transformation actually in progress.] [Footnote 5: 1 Kantar = nearly 100 lbs.] [Footnote 6: _Cf._ p. 71.] [Footnote 7: Estimated. £E1 = £1 0s. 6d.] [Footnote 8: Estimated.]