Child development; Infant psychology; Motor ability in children
If we regard it as an exercise of the sense of touch, in what is at
the time the main touch organ, we have an activity closely parallel
with the constant interest in the use of sight in the early months.
Observers have been misled by failing to realize that the mouth, not
the hand, is the primitive touch organ. The baby behaves with the
things in his mouth as if he was interested in feeling them, not in
eating them. He does not try to swallow them (though he may be depended
on to do it without trying, if they are small), but licks, sucks,
mumbles them about, and in every way gets the utmost touch sensation
out of them. Preyer saw a look of pleasure caused by sucking a pencil,
before the baby had ever tasted food, when he could not have had the
least taste association with the feeling. There is plenty of evidence
that the act of sucking (the muscular sensation as well as that of
touch) is in itself highly agreeable to babies.
I have spoken of the great and active interest, at this time, in
studying the visible world. By the end of the fourth month the baby
had certainly learned the look of many things, and was well aware when
it was in any way changed. In a strange room she would renew the eager
and surprised staring about which had nearly ceased in familiar rooms;
and if one of us appeared in a bonnet she would look with curiosity and
interest at our changed aspect. She doubtless knew us all apart by this
time, though she gave no clear evidence of it, except in the case of
grandpa, whom she often greeted with cries of joy and flying hands.
From the middle of the fourth month she followed us constantly with her
eyes as we moved about. Her eyes were thus drawn to greater distances,
and her range of vision increased; before this she had hardly noticed
anything across the room. In the latter part of the month she looked
with especial curiosity at people’s faces on the other side of the
room, and I guessed that it was because they looked so much smaller
to her--as they would to us if we had not learned to allow for the
distance. A face fifteen feet away can be completely hidden by a fifty
cent piece held out at arm’s length; our friends shrink to small dolls
in our eyes every time they cross the room, but we bring them up to
their real size by trained imagination. The baby, who had not yet the
trained imagination, must have seen strange shrinkings and swellings as
people moved from her or toward her, and as she was carried about the
room.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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