The Biotic Associations of CockroachesRoth, Louis M. (Louis Marcus)
Science
The Biotic Associations of Cockroaches
Roth, Louis M. (Louis Marcus)
Cockroaches; Insects -- Ecology
Plank and Winters (1949) reported that in Puerto Rico the species of
Orthoptera most injurious under greenhouse conditions was _Periplaneta
americana_. Large nymphs destroyed 25 to 30 percent of freshly planted
seed of _Cinchona pubescens_. In Hawaii the host plants of _P.
americana_ are blossoms of _Canna_ and _Tribulus_, and the host plants
of _Periplaneta australasiae_ are _Pritchardia_ and _Sida_ (Zimmerman,
1948). On St. Kitts, B.W.I., young cotton plants were severely attacked
by _P. australasiae_; this caused loss of the stand on a considerable
area and necessitated replanting (Ballou, 1916). _P. australasiae_ was
reported damaging the _Polystichum aristatum_ Presl [=_Lastrea aristata
variegata_] in a greenhouse (Thilow and Riley, 1891). Laing (1946;
British Museum [Natural History], 1951) stated that _P. australasiae_
abounds in greenhouses and forcing pits where it may do considerable
damage to the plants. _Periplaneta fuliginosa_ is also troublesome in
greenhouses because of its tendency to feed on seedlings and succulent
plants (Dodge and Rickett, 1943).
_Ectobius lapponicus_ has been observed feeding in galleries in the
thick skin of young aspen in 25 percent of the trees examined (Stark
_in_ Bei-Bienko, 1950). The aquatic cockroach _Epilampra abdomen nigrum_
fed on the leaves of _Jussiaea natans_ in an aquarium (Crowell, 1946).
_Ischnoptera deropeltiformis_ has been taken while it was feeding on a
fleshy fungus (_Agaricus_ sp.) in dense woods in Indiana (Blatchley,
1920).
_Diploptera punctata_, the cypress roach or beetle roach, has been found
in Hawaii feeding on ripening mangoes and papayas, oranges on the tree,
and the outer covering of the pods of _Acacia farnesiana_ (Bridwell and
Swezey, 1915). Pemberton (1934) stated that _D. punctata_ "disfigures
our cypress trees by eating the bark from the young branches, often
giving them a dead appearance over much of their leaf area." Fullaway
and Krauss (1945) added, "This injury [to cypress] is so severe that
sometimes areas of leaves die and turn brown. The Japanese cedar,
ironwood, citrus and algaroba (kiawe) trees are attacked in a similar
manner." Similar injury to cypress was described by Hebard (1922). In
addition to girdling _Cupressus_, _D. punctata_ injures _Cryptomeria_ in
the same fashion and also attacks algaroba, lime, and other plants
(Pemberton and Williams, 1938). Zimmerman (1948) cited the following
host plants for _D. punctata_ in Hawaii: "_Cupressus macrocarpa_,
_Casuarina_, _Cryptomeria_, _Citrus_, geraniums, _Acacia farnesiana_
pods, mango fruits, orange fruits, papaya fruits."
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