The Biotic Associations of CockroachesRoth, Louis M. (Louis Marcus)
Science
The Biotic Associations of Cockroaches
Roth, Louis M. (Louis Marcus)
Cockroaches; Insects -- Ecology
In Haiti _Pycnoscelus surinamensis_ damaged the tubers of growing
potatoes (Hoffman, 1927). Illingworth (1927, 1929) reported that in
Hawaii _P. surinamensis_ was a minor pest of pineapples, feeding on the
roots. This species was very plentiful in a propagating pit in England
where it did much damage to various seeds and seedlings (Lucas, 1930).
Roeser (1940) summarized some of the above-mentioned damage caused by
_P. surinamensis_ and added damage to chrysanthemums in Hawaii and
tobacco in Sumatra where this cockroach destroyed 300,000 plants in a
few days. Roeser was of the opinion that living plants were eaten only
as a substitute when the earth became poor in food material. Zimmerman
(1948) listed as host plants of _P. surinamensis_ in Hawaii: "blossoms
of _Tribulus_; reported feeding at roots of pineapples, and unconfirmed
reports of damage to underground parts of some other plants." Goodliffe
(1958) reported damage by this species to banana plants in a
conservatory in northern England. Cohic (1956) implied that in New
Caledonia "Racines de légumes" were attacked by _P. surinamensis_ and
that _Zea mays_ Linnaeus was attacked by _Supella supellectilium_.
Wolcott (1924a) reported that _P. surinamensis_ damaged transplanted
tobacco plants in Puerto Rico by eating the interior of the stalks.
Tobacco planters in Cuba consider _P. surinamensis_ injurious to the
roots of tobacco plants (Bruner and Scaramuzza, 1936); this belief was
confirmed in the laboratory, where adults and nymphs destroyed the roots
and stems of tobacco plants two inches high and ate into the edges of
the leaves. Dammerman (1929) reported that in Malaya this species often
appeared in large numbers in gardens where it gnawed at the underground
parts of vegetables and ornamental plants. Lever (1947) listed it as a
pest on the leaves of pineapple.
_Blattella vaga_ may occasionally damage seedlings in the laboratory
(Flock, 1941a), but no damage has been reported in the field (Ball et
al., 1942). Heer (1864) reported receiving a shipment of cycads from
Cuba with all stages of _Periplaneta americana_ living in holes in the
branches, apparently subsisting on the starchy tissues. Goldenberg
(1877) stated that sago trees provide cockroaches with their favorite
nourishment. Scudder (1879) found _Eurycotis floridana_ living in the
tops of the cabbage palmetto, on which he presumed it fed. _Parcoblatta
americana_ has been observed feeding on an apple 6 feet above ground
(Fulton, 1930).
X. PROTOZOA ASSOCIATED WITH COCKROACHES
The classification of the Protozoa follows that of Kudo (1954). The use
of the asterisk (*) is explained in footnote 3, page 4.
=Phylum PROTOZOA=
Class MASTIGOPHORA
Order EUGLENOIDINA
Family EUGLENIDAE
=Euglena= sp.
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