_Natural host._--"Barata sylvestre," Brazil (Pinto, 1926): In the intestine of the cockroach. Family CLEVELANDELLIDAE Most of the Clevelandellidae are parasitized by rod-shaped or spherical bacteria-like organisms usually in clusters (Kidder, 1937). _Synonymy._--Clevelandiidae (Kidder, 1938). Genus CLEVELANDELLA _Synonymy._--The generic name _Clevelandia_ Kidder (1937) is preoccupied; it was therefore changed to _Clevelandella_ by Kidder in 1938. All of the following species of _Clevelandella_ were originally described as _Clevelandia_. =Clevelandella constricta= (Kidder) _Natural hosts._--_Panesthia angustipennis_, Philippine Islands, and _Panesthia spadica_, Japan (Kidder, 1937): In the posterior end of hindgut. =Clevelandella contorta= (Kidder) _Natural hosts._--_Panesthia angustipennis_, Philippine Islands, and _Panesthia spadica_, Japan (Kidder, 1937). =Clevelandella elongata= (Kidder) _Natural host._--_Panesthia angustipennis_, Philippine Islands (Kidder, 1937). =Clevelandella hastula= (Kidder) _Natural host._--_Panesthia angustipennis_, Philippine Islands (Kidder, 1937): Common in hindgut. =Clevelandella nipponensis= (Kidder) _Natural host._--_Panesthia spadica_, Japan (Kidder, 1937). =Clevelandella panesthiae= (Kidder) _Natural hosts._--_Panesthia angustipennis_, Philippine Islands, and _Panesthia spadica_, Japan (Kidder, 1937): In the hindgut. This protozoan is commonly parasitized by the microorganism _Sphaerita_. =Clevelandella parapanesthiae= (Kidder) _Natural host._--_Panesthia angustipennis_, Philippine Islands (Kidder, 1937). =Paraclevelandia brevis= Kidder _Natural hosts._--_Panesthia angustipennis_, Philippine Islands, and _Panesthia spadica_, Japan (Kidder, 1937): Present in 100 percent of _P. angustipennis_ and in nearly all _P. spadica_. =Paraclevelandia simplex= Kidder _Natural hosts._--_Panesthia angustipennis_, Philippine Islands (Kidder, 1937, 1938): Incidence of infection about 50 percent. _Panesthia spadica_, Japan (Kidder, 1937). =Unidentified ciliate= _Natural host._--_Pycnoscelus surinamensis_, Hawaii (Schwabe, 1950): A large ciliate was found in the digestive tract and malpighian tubules. NEGATIVE FINDINGS In a recent experimental study Schmidtke (1955) failed to demonstrate a host-parasite relationship between _Periplaneta americana_ and the haemosporidian _Toxoplasma gondii_ Nicolle and Manceaux. This protozoan is a blood parasite in a rodent in North Africa (Kudo, 1954). XI. HELMINTHS