The Biotic Associations of CockroachesRoth, Louis M. (Louis Marcus)
Science
The Biotic Associations of Cockroaches
Roth, Louis M. (Louis Marcus)
Cockroaches; Insects -- Ecology
The present writers have found no information, other than host reports,
on the biology of _Brachygaster minutus_. The records of this wasp
parasitizing _B. germanica_ may trace back to Schletterer, but his
listing may not have been an original observation. Since the female of
_B. germanica_ carries its oötheca attached to the abdomen until or just
before the eggs hatch, it would seem that the female of _B. minutus_ (if
the host records are valid) must oviposit into the oötheca of this
species while it is still being carried by the female; this would not
necessarily be true for the other hosts which drop the egg case long
before the eggs hatch.
_Distribution._--Europe: Sweden, Russia, England, France, Germany,
Austria, Hungary, Switzerland, Italy (Kieffer, 1920).
=Evania appendigaster= (Linnaeus)
_Synonymy._--_Evania desjardinsii_ Bordage, _Evania laevigata_ Latreille
[Dalla Torre, 1901-1902].
_Natural hosts._--_Blatta_, "exotic species" (Westwood, 1854, 1954a).
_Blatta orientalis_, Europe? (Schletterer, 1886; Howard, 1888, Kieffer,
1912); Egypt? (Alfieri, 1914; Adair, 1923). [Girault (1907, 1914)
erroneously attributed another record to Marlatt (1902);[see footnote 6].
See also notes under _Brachygaster minutus_ with respect to Kadocsa.]
_Blattella germanica_? (Girault 1907, 1914). [This record is obviously
an error. Girault attributed the record to Marlatt (1902); see footnote
6.]
_Cutilia soror_, Hawaii (Swezey, 1929; Zimmerman, 1948).
_Leucophaea maderae_ (Schletterer, 1889; Bordage, 1896; Kieffer, 1912):
These records are probably erroneous inasmuch as this cockroach
incubates its eggs internally (Roth and Willis, 1954). Later, after
finding that _L. maderae_ is ovoviviparous, Bordage (1913) admitted
having misidentified a parasitized oötheca from some other species; he
concluded that the developing eggs of this species are protected against
egg parasites because they are carried within the female. Clausen
(1940), in classifying the placement of parasitic wasp eggs in relation
to the host, erected the category: Egg placed in the embryo while the
latter is still within the parent. He stated that although this behavior
was not definitely known to occur, it probably could occur. However, the
records cited above do not indicate that the alleged parasitization
followed this pattern.
_Neostylopyga rhombifolia_, Hawaii (Swezey, 1929).
_Periplaneta americana_, Europe (Schletterer, 1889; Bordage, 1896;
Kieffer, 1912); Réunion Island (Bordage, 1913); Puerto Rico (Seín,
1923); Jamaica (Gowdey, 1925); Hawaii (Swezey, 1929); Palestine
(Bodenheimer, 1930); U.S.A., Florida (Ashmead, 1900); Maryland (Piquett
and Fales, 1952); Saudi Arabia, Jedda (Cameron, 1957); Canton Island and
Samoa (Dumbleton, 1957).
_Periplaneta americana_ or _P. australasiae_, Formosa (Sonan, 1924).
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