The Biotic Associations of CockroachesRoth, Louis M. (Louis Marcus)
Science
The Biotic Associations of Cockroaches
Roth, Louis M. (Louis Marcus)
Cockroaches; Insects -- Ecology
_Development._--Hatching occurs in 3 to 4 days (Ferton, 1894) or longer
during cooler weather (Maneval, 1939). Larval development takes 6 days
(Grandi, 1954), 8 days (Ferton, 1894), or 10 to 25 days depending on
season (Maneval, 1939).
=Dolichurus gilberti= Turner
_Natural hosts._--"Small Blattidae," India (Turner, 1917).
=Dolichurus greenei= Rohwer
_Natural host._--_Parcoblatta_ sp., U.S.A., Virginia (Krombein, 1951,
1955): Nesting sites are under leaf litter. The prey was a paralyzed
third-instar nymph. _Distribution._--Ontario. U.S.A. from Canadian
border south to Florida in coastal States (Krombein, 1951).
=Dolichurus ignitus= Sm.
_Natural hosts._--Cockroaches, Natal and Southern Rhodesia (Arnold,
1928): The wasp is "usually seen running up and down the trunks of
trees searching for small cockroaches in the crevices of the bark."
=Dolichurus stantoni= (Ashmead)
_Natural hosts._--_Allacta similis_, nymphs, Hawaii (Williams et al.,
1931; Zimmerman, 1948).
_Blattella lituricollis_, usually nymphs, Philippine Islands, Hawaii
(Williams, 1919).
_Cutilia soror_, nymphs, Hawaii (Williams et al., 1931; Zimmerman,
1948).
"_Phyllodromia_" sp., Philippine Islands, Hawaii (Williams, 1918;
Bridwell, 1920).
_Experimental hosts._--"Field cockroaches," Philippine Islands
(Williams, 1944).
_Nesting site._--Readymade crevices or holes in ground; porosity in
lava. _Behavior._--The wasp seizes the cockroach by a cercus or leg and
stings it in the thorax. She (fig. 7, A) then drags the cockroach to the
nest by the base of an antenna. Wasp bites off distal part of host's
antennae. She deposits her egg on one of the host's midcoxae. Nest is
plugged with lumps of soil. The larva eats the entire host.
_Development._--Eggs hatched in about a day and a half. Adults emerged
about 3 weeks later. About five generations per year. (Williams, 1918,
1919; Williams et al., 1931.)
=Dolichurus= sp.
_Natural hosts._--Cockroaches, nymphs, South Africa (Bridwell, 1917).
Adult female cockroach carrying an oötheca, France (Deleurance, 1943).
_Nesting site._--Plant stem, or in ground possibly an old abandoned nest
of _Ammophile_. _Behavior._--Bridwell noted that one wasp larva ate two
cockroach nymphs before pupating; the adult emerged about 4 months after
cocoon formation. Deleurance observed the wasp close its nest with small
pebbles, balls of earth, and small dead branches. The wasp egg was
placed on the femur of the midleg. The prey in the nest is alert when
disturbed. Deleurance believed the wasp was a variety of _D.
corniculus_.
=Trirhogma caerulea= Westwood
_Natural hosts._--_Periplaneta americana_ and _Periplaneta
australasiae_, Formosa (Sonan, 1924): The wasp stings a nymph about one
inch long and carries it to a suitable place (bamboo pipe) for
oviposition.
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