The Biotic Associations of CockroachesRoth, Louis M. (Louis Marcus)
Science
The Biotic Associations of Cockroaches
Roth, Louis M. (Louis Marcus)
Cockroaches; Insects -- Ecology
We agree in essence with Chopard (1938) who stated that it is improper
to speak of associations apropos of the ecological distribution of
Orthoptera. He continued that it is clearly evident that different
species of Orthoptera, which are found grouped on a territory more or
less narrowly limited, have no interdependence among them. Their
grouping results uniquely from almost similar reactions to the different
factors which characterize this limited milieu. There is neither
interdependence nor interaction; the grouping is a false biocoenose,
born under the action of the environment, and does not survive a
modification of this milieu.
However, as there are numerous examples of mutual toleration between
different species as well as examples of incompatibility, the subject
has more than academic interest even if no true ecological significance.
On the other hand, further study may show that certain of these
associations are definitely ecological, particularly among the feral
species. As might be expected, most of the following examples pertain to
domiciliary cockroaches.
Dozier (1920) occasionally found _Periplaneta americana_ with _Eurycotis
floridana_ in decaying stumps, beneath loose bark of decayed trees, and
beneath corded wood. Adair (1923) stated that in his house in Egypt
_Periplaneta americana_, _Blatta orientalis_, and _Blattella germanica_
were found together in a cupboard. Sambon (1925) found _B. orientalis_
and _B. germanica_ side by side but not fraternizing in a home in Italy.
Gould and Deay (1938) observed that apartments over stores were infested
with both _B. germanica_ and _P. americana_, but did not indicate
whether these occupied the same microhabitat. Gould and Deay (1940)
observed that in the Purdue University greenhouse _Periplaneta
fuliginosa_ was found "under benches, boxes, pots and other objects in
association with the American roach." Dr. L. A. Hetrick (personal
communication, 1954) wrote us that several summers before he had had a
mixed infestation of cockroaches, which included _Periplaneta
australasiae_, _Periplaneta fuliginosa_, and _Pycnoscelus surinamensis_,
in his chicken shed.
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