On the other hand, even though _Anastatus floridanus_, _A. tenuipes_, and _Tetrastichus hagenowii_ are egg parasites as larvae, the adult females are, in a sense, predators when they sometimes eat part of the cockroach egg that oozes through the oviposition puncture (Roth and Willis, 1954a, 1954b). Williams (1929) has seen the female of _Ampulex canaliculata_ imbibe blood that oozed from the cut ends of the cockroach's antennae after she had clipped them off before leading the prey to her nest. Yet despite this evident predatism on the part of the adult, the larva feeds as a parasite on the stored cockroaches in accordance with Sweetman's (1936) (though not Clausen's 1940) definition of parasitism, which is "that form of symbiosis in which one symbiont lives in or on the host organism and feeds at its expense during the whole of either the immature or mature feeding stage." The ampulicid larva, as the evaniid, is not free-living and does not kill the host immediately by direct attack, even though it may require more than one victim to reach maturity. Thus, within one individual both parasitic and predatory behavior are operant during different stages of its life history. With the above discussion in mind we have summarized below the various biotic associations of cockroaches. Only a few examples are given for each section, but all organisms with similar habits presumably would be classified in the same categories. Class A. Associations in which cockroaches serve as hosts, vectors, or prey for other organisms. Type I. Obligate associates. Animals and plants that normally develop only on or in the cockroach; in general, these organisms depend entirely upon the cockroach for survival. Group 1. Mutuals (symbiotes or symbionts of authors). (a) Bacteria-like organisms (bacteroids which are found in the fat body of all cockroaches that have been examined; p. 96). (b) Bacteria (wood-digesting forms in _Panesthia_, and possibly certain bacteria in the intestines, of other cockroaches; p. 100). (c) Protozoa (several genera and species found in _Cryptocercus_; p. 101). Group 2. Commensals. (a) Protozoa (_Nyctotherus_, _Herpetomonas_, _Lophomonas_, etc.; p. 172). (b) Nematodes (Thelastomatidae; p. 193). Group 3. Parasites. (a) Fungi (Laboulbeniales; p. 134). (b) Protozoa (gregarines, _Plistophora_, etc.; p. 181). (c) Helminths. (1) Primary parasites (mermithids and gordian worms; p. 201). (2) Secondary parasites (_Gongylonema neoplasticum_, _Oxyuris mansoni_, _Moniliformis_ spp.; p. 206). (d) Arthropods. (1) Mites (_Pimeliaphilus podapolipophagus_; p. 219). (2) Insects (larvae of ripiphorids, evaniids, and ampulicids; p. 231).