A dark colored species, with purplish head, neck and breast; named from the scaly appearance of the iridescent feathers on the sides of the neck. [Illustration 194: White.] [Illustration: left hand margin.] Page 193 315. PASSENGER PIGEON. _Ectopistes migratorius._ Range.--Formerly, North America east of the Rockies; casually seen in the upper Mississippi Valley, now extinct. A handsome species (see frontispiece) with ruddy underparts, grayish upperparts and a long graduated tail. This species years ago found in flocks of thousands or millions, is now practically exterminated, chiefly by being hunted and trapped. A few pairs probably now nest in the interior, from northern United States to Hudson Bay. Their nests are very rude, frail platforms of twigs, on which two white eggs are laid, they being longer and narrower, comparatively, than those of other species. Size of eggs, 1.50 × 1.02. Data.--Southwest shore of Lake Manitoba, June 1, 1891. Nest of twigs in an aspen tree. 316. Mourning Dove. _Zenaidura macroura carolinensis._ Range.--North America from New England, Manitoba and British Columbia, southward. Now that the Passenger Pigeon has disappeared, this species becomes the only one found in the east, with the exception of the little Ground Dove in the South Atlantic and Gulf States. While, sometimes, small flocks of them nest in a community, they generally nest in companies of two or three pairs. Their nests are generally at a low elevation, in trees, bushes and often upon the ground. Their nests are made entirely of twigs and rootlets, and eggs may be found from early in April until the latter part of September, as they often raise two or three broods a season. The two eggs are white. Size 1.15 × .80. Data.--Refugio Co., Texas, May 3, 1899. Two eggs laid on the ground in a slight cradle of twigs. Collector, James J. Carroll. [Illustration 195: White.] [Illustration: Passenger Pigeon.] [Illustration: White.] [Illustration: Mourning Dove.] [Illustration: right hand margin.] Page 194 317. ZENAIDA DOVE. _Zenaida zenaida._ Range.--West Indies; in summer, on the Florida Keys, but not in great numbers. This species is similar in size to the Mourning Dove, but it has a short and square tail, and the secondaries are tipped with white, and the underparts more ruddy. They generally nest upon the ground, but occasionally in small bushes, laying two white eggs a trifle larger than those of the preceding species. Size 1.20 × .90. The nests are made of grasses and twigs, on the ground under bushes. [Illustration 196: NEST AND EGGS OF MOURNING DOVE. H. B. Stough.] [Illustration.] [Illustration: left hand margin.] Page 195 318. WHITE-FRONTED DOVE. _Leptotila fulviventris brachyptera._ Range.--Mexico and Central America north to southern Texas.