This species is slaty gray on the head, neck, breast, flanks, back, wings and central tail feathers; the rest of the underparts are white, sharply defined against the gray. They migrate through the United States in large flocks, usually accompanied by White-throated or Fox Sparrows. They breed very abundantly in the northern parts of their range, frequently in the immediate vicinity of houses but generally on the edges of clearings, etc., placing their nests on the ground and generally partially concealed by rocks, stumps, sods or logs; the nests are made of grasses, lined with hair, and the four or five eggs are white or greenish white, variously speckled with reddish brown either over the entire surface or in a wreath about the large end. Size .80 × .55. 567a. OREGON JUNCO. _Junco hyemalis oreganus._ Range.--Pacific coast from California to Alaska, breeding north of the United States. This sub-species is entirely unlike the preceding, having a black head, neck, throat, breast, wings and tail, and brown back; the remainder of the underparts are white, washed with pinkish brown on the sides. The habits and nesting habits of this western Junco are the same as those of the eastern, the birds building in similar localities and making the nests of the same material. There appears to be little, if any, difference between the eggs of the two varieties. 567b. SHUFELDT'S JUNCO. _Junco hyemalis counectens._ Range.--Pacific coast breeding from Oregon to British Columbia and wintering south to the Mexican boundary. Said to be slightly larger and duller colored than the Oregon Junco; eggs the same. 567c. THURBER'S JUNCO. _Junco hyemalis thurberi._ Range.--The Sierra Nevadas from Oregon to southern California. Similar to _oreganus_ but paler and back more pinkish; eggs will not differ. 567d. POINT PINOS JUNCO. _Junco hyemalis pinosus._ Range.--A very locally confined variety breeding in pine woods of southwestern California, about Monterey and Santa Cruz. Similar to _thurberi_ with the head and neck slaty instead of black. [Illustration 351: Slate-Colored Junco.] [Illustration: White.] [Illustration: 567a--567g--567c.] [Illustration: right hend margin.] Page 350 567e. CAROLINA JUNCO. _Junco hyemalis carolinensis._ Range.--Alleghanies in Virginia, the Carolinas and Georgia. A slightly larger bird than the Slate-colored Junco and with the bill horn color instead of pinkish white. They have been found to breed very abundantly in the higher ranges of the Carolinas, nesting under banks, in tufts of grass, or occasionally in small bushes, in fact in such locations as are used by hyemalis. Their eggs which are laid during May, June or July (probably two broods being raised) are similar to those of the Slate-colored species but slightly larger. 567f. MONTANA JUNCO. _Junco hyemalis montanus._ Range.--From northern Idaho and Montana north to Alberta; winters south to Mexico.