Range.--United States, east of the Plains, breeding north to New England and Illinois; winters in Southern States. Like the last but smaller (length 9 inches), not marked below and with the ear patches sharply defined. They nest in hedges or thickly tangled brush, showing a predilection for dense thorn bushes, where they place their piles of weeds, grasses, feathers and rubbish; the four or five eggs are laid in April or May; they are like those of the last, but smaller, averaging .96 × .72. [Illustration 378: 619--620.] [Illustration: Light gray.] [Illustration: Grayish white.] [Illustration: Grayish white.] [Illustration: Northern Shrike.] [Illustration: left hand margin.] Page 377 [Illustration 379: I. E. Hess. LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE AND NEST.] Page 378 622a. WHITE-RUMPED SHRIKE. _Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides._ Range.--North America, west of the Plains, breeding north to Manitoba and the Saskatchewan; winters south to Mexico. Like the last but paler and the rump white. Their nesting habits and eggs are in every respect like those of the Loggerhead Shrike. 622b. CALIFORNIA SHRIKE. _Lanius ludovicianus gambeli._ Range.--Pacific coast north to British Columbia. Similar to the eastern form but with the breast washed with brownish and with indistinct wavy bars. The eggs cannot be distinguished from those of the others. 622c. ISLAND SHRIKE. _Lanius ludovicianus anthonyi._ Range.--Santa Barbara Islands, California. Like the last but smaller and darker. Eggs not distinguishable. VIREOS. Family VIREONDIDÆ 623. BLACK-WHISKERED VIREO. _Vireosylva calidris barbatula._ Range.--A Central American species, breeding in Cuba, Bahamas and southern Florida. Like the Red-eyed Vireo but with a dusky streak on either side of the chin. They build pensile nests of strips of bark and fibres, swung from the forks of branches. The eggs cannot be distinguished from those of the next species, being white, more or less specked about the large end with reddish brown and umber. Size .78 × .55. [Illustration 380: Loggerhead Shrike.] [Illustration: White.] [Illustration: 622a--622b.] [Illustration: deco.] [Illustration: left hand margin.] Page 379 [Illustration 381: YOUNG SHRIKES (All ready for flight).] Page 380 624. RED-EYED VIREO. _Vireosylva olivacea_. Range.--United States, east of the Rockies, breeding north to Labrador, Manitoba and British Columbia.