Range.--Eastern North America, breeding from northern United States northward; south to Central America in winter. These handsome little black-capped flycatching Warblers are abundant during migrations, especially in the spring, being found on the edges of woods and in orchards. They nest on the ground, usually on the edges of swamps, embedding their nests in the ground under the shelter of low branches or on the edges of banks; the nest is of bark strips, fibres and leaves, and the eggs are white, specked with reddish brown; size .60 × .50. 685a. PILEOLATED WARBLER. _Wilsonia pusilla pileolata._ Range.--Western United States, breeding in the Rocky Mountain region from Mexico to Alaska; winters south of the United States. Similar to the eastern form but the yellow underparts and greenish back are brighter. Like the last species, this form nests on the ground or very close to it, in weeds or rank undergrowth, in swamps. Their eggs which are laid in May or June are not distinguishable from those of the last. [Illustration 416: Hooded Warblers. Wilson's Warblers.] [Illustration: White.] [Illustration: White.] [Illustration: deco.] [Illustration: left hand margin.] Page 415 685b. GOLDEN PILEOLATED WARBLER. _Wilsonia pusilla chryseola._ Range.--Pacific coast of North America, breeding from southern California in mountain ranges north to British Columbia. 686. CANADIAN WARBLER. _Wilsonia canadensis._ Range.--Eastern North America, breeding from Mass., New York, and Michigan north to Labrador and Hudson Bay; winters in Central America. This handsome Warbler is plain gray above and yellow below, with a black stripe down the sides of the neck and across the breast in a broken band. They frequent swamps or open woods with a heavy growth of underbrush, where they build their nests on or very close to the ground. I have always found them in Massachusetts nesting about the roots of laurels, the nests being made of strips of bark, leaves and grass; in June or the latter part of May they lay from three to five white eggs, specked and wreathed with reddish brown and neutral tints; size .68 × .50. Data.--Worcester, Mass., June 10, 1891. Nest on the ground under laurel roots in swampy woods; made entirely of strips of laurel bark lined with fine grass. 687. American Redstart. _Setophaga ruticilla._ Range.--North America, chiefly east of the Rockies, breeding in the northern half of the United States and north to Labrador and Alaska; winters south of our borders.