The species of this genus are widely dispersed over Australia, New Guinea, Malacca, Celebes and Polynesia. Strictly arboreal in their habits and feeding entirely upon fruits, berries and seeds, they frequent the towering fig-trees when their fruit is ripe, and the lofty palms for the sake of their large round seeds. I have frequently observed large flocks moving about from one part of the forest to another, consequently they may be considered a gregarious race; their short tarsi and dilated feet are ill-adapted for the ground, and I have never seen them descend from the trees, not even for water. 419. Carpophaga magnifica Vol. V. Pl. 58. 420. Carpophaga leucomela Vol. V. Pl. 59. 421. Carpophaga luctuosa Vol. V. Pl. 60. Genus LOPHOLAIMUS, _G. R. Gray_. The single species of this genus is strictly a fruit-eating Pigeon, and is confined, so far as we yet know, to the brushes of New South Wales, where it moves about in large flocks and feeds upon the wild figs and other fruits and berries which the trees of the brushes afford. 422. Lopholaimus Antarcticus Vol. V. Pl. 61. A noble bird ornamented with a large occipital crest. Genus CHALCOPHAPS, _Gould_. Generic characters. “_Bill_ slender, moderate and straight, the tip vaulted and rather arched; _nostrils_ lateral, membranous and swollen, with the opening in the middle of the bill; _wings_ long, second and third primaries nearly equal and the longest; _tail_ moderate and much rounded; _tarsi_ rather shorter than the middle toe, robust and covered with transverse scales; _toes_ long, the lateral and the hind-toes nearly as long as the outer; _claws_ moderate and curved.”—Gray and Mitchell’s Genera of Birds, Art. GOURINÆ. A genus of Brush Pigeons, the members of which seek their food on the ground and live on the fallen seeds and berries they find there. Two species inhabit Australia, one of which is confined to the eastern and the other to the northern coast; other species are found in Java, Sumatra, and on the continent of India, the whole forming a group well worthy of investigation by the scientific ornithologist. 423. Chalcophaps chrysochlora Vol. V. Pl. 62. The bird of this form inhabiting the country in the neighbourhood of Port Essington differs from those inhabiting New South Wales in the much greater length of the mandibles, and is altogether a much finer bird: consequently I am induced to believe that it is distinct from its southern prototype; I would therefore provisionally name it— 424. Chalcophaps longirostris. I have not figured it, inasmuch as the colouring is similar, but more brilliant, and has the bands across the rump more distinct than in _C. chrysochlora_. Genus LEUCOSARCIA, _Gould_. Generic characters.