_Anthochæra Lewinii_, Vig. and Horsf. in Linn. Trans., vol. xv. p. 322, note.—Gould in Syn. Birds of Australia, Part I.—Swains. Class. of Birds, vol. ii. p. 326.—G. R. Gray, List of Gen. of Birds, 2nd edit., p. 20. _Djung-gung_, Aborigines of Western Australia. _Wattle Bird_ of the Colonists. This, the true _Merops carunculatus_ of the older writers, enjoys an unusually wide range of habitat, extending as it does over the whole of the southern portion of the continent, being equally as abundant in Southern and Western Australia as in New South Wales; how far it may extend to the northward has not yet been ascertained; it does not inhabit Van Diemen’s Land. I observed it to be very numerous in all the high gum-trees around Adelaide, in most parts of the interior, and in all the apple-tree flats and forests of _Eucalypti_ of New South Wales. Mr. Gilbert’s notes inform me that he met with it in all parts of Western Australia, but that it was most abundant among the Banksias in the York district. It is a showy active bird, constantly engaged in flying from tree to tree and searching among the flowers for its food, which consists of honey, insects, and occasionally berries. In disposition it is generally shy and wary, but at times is confident and bold: it is usually seen in pairs, and the males are very pugnacious. Its habits and manners, in fact, closely resemble those of the _A. inauris_, and like that bird, it utters with distended throat a harsh disagreeable note. Its flight is slow and uneven, and rarely extends to any great distance. It breeds in September and October. The nests observed by myself in the Upper Hunter district were placed on the horizontal branches of the _Angophoræ_, and were of a large rounded form, composed of small sticks and lined with fine grasses; those found by Mr. Gilbert in Western Australia were formed of dried sticks, without any kind of lining, and were placed in the open bushes. The eggs are two or three in number, one inch and three lines long by ten lines and a half broad; their ground colour is reddish buff, very thickly dotted with distinct markings of deep chestnut and umber and reddish brown, interspersed with a number of indistinct marks of blackish grey, which appear as if beneath the surface of the shell: eggs taken in New South Wales are somewhat larger than those from Western Australia, and have markings of a blotched rather than of a dotted form, and principally at the larger end. The sexes are only distinguishable by the smaller size of the female.