The figures are quoted from a speech by Mr. Homer Folks, at the first annual meeting of the Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis, held at Washington, D.C., May 18–19, 1905. Footnote 169: Virginia M. Walker, _op. cit._ Footnote 170: _Idem._ Footnote 171: Ralph M. Vincent, M.D., _op. cit._, also evidence given before the Interdepartmental Committee on Physical Deterioration. Virginia M. Walker, _op. cit._ Footnote 172: This paragraph is taken, with slight changes, from my paper on The Problem of the Underfed Children in our Public Schools, in the _Independent_, May 11, 1905. Footnote 173: See the Official Report of the National Labor Conference on the State Maintenance of Children, Held at the Guildhall, London, etc. Footnote 174: See, for instance, the evidence given by Mr. John Tweedy, F.R.C.S. and L.R.C.P., President of the Royal College of Surgeons and of the Ophthalmological Society of the United Kingdom, before the Interdepartmental Committee. Footnote 175: Physical Efficiency in Children, by Sir James Crichton Browne, in the Report of the International Congress for the Welfare and Protection of Children, London, 1902. See also the Reports of the Interdepartmental Committee and the Royal Commission on Physical Training (Scotland), for descriptions of the systems adopted in various European cities. The Medical Inspection of School Children, by W. L. Mackenzie, M.A., M.D. For a very suggestive, but technical, account of a system of medical inspection adopted in Dundee, Scotland, see the Report of Investigation into Social Conditions, published by the Dundee Social Union,—Part I, The Medical Inspection of School Children. Footnote 176: The Heritage of the Hungry, by Robert Hunter. Footnote 177: Special Reports on Educational Subjects, issued by the (English) Board of Education. Footnote 178: Royal Commission on Physical Training (Scotland), Report. Footnote 179: _Idem._ Footnote 180: Poverty, by Robert Hunter, p. 259. Footnote 181: The importance of attending to the teeth of school children has been sadly overlooked in the United States. In some of our cities, notably Rochester, N.Y., the attention of the medical inspectors of the schools has been specially directed to the teeth, with important results. See, for instance, the paper by Dr. Goler on Some General Tuberculosis Problems, in the _New York State Journal of Medicine_, August, 1905. Footnote 182: Bulletin of the U. S. Bureau of Labor, No. 59, p. 309. Footnote 183: The Field before the National Child Labor Committee, by Homer Folks, in _Charities_, October 1, 1904. Child Labor and the Schools, by Florence Lucas Sanville, in _Charities_, August 26, 1905. Illiterate Children in the Great Industrial States, by Florence Kelley, reprinted from _Charities_. Footnote 184: Child Labor.—The Street, by Ernest Poole.