The Blocking of ZeebruggeCarpenter, Alfred Francis Blakeney
History
The Blocking of Zeebrugge
Carpenter, Alfred Francis Blakeney
World War, 1914-1918 -- Naval operations, British; Zeebrugge-Ostend Raids, 1918
Our prearranged time table had laid down the exact minute at which we
were to pass through certain lettered positions, the latter being
marked by buoys placed by the surveying officers mentioned previously.
Position G was to be the parting of the ways, namely the position at
which the forces destined for the inshore attacks on Zeebrugge and
Ostende should separate _en route_ for their respective destinations.
That position was so chosen that the forces should {170} arrive at
their destinations simultaneously, making due allowance for direction
and strength of the tidal stream and for actual ship-speed through the
water. This idea of simultaneous operations at the two places was not
the only important factor for consideration; it was also necessary that
all other phases of the attack, such as long-range bombardments and
aerial attacks, should synchronise with the movements of the
blockships. It was, therefore, necessary to either work exactly to
schedule as laid down in the time table or else inform all units of any
change in the zero time; the latter being the minute at which
_Vindictive_ should pass through position G. This in turn necessitated
forecasting the zero time as a result of the observed times of passing
the previous positions. We had left position A a few minutes ahead of
time and passed through position D with barely a minute in hand. "No
alteration of zero time" was therefore communicated to all units.
After passing position D the whole assembly of vessels stopped for a
few minutes for the triple purpose of disembarking surplus blockship
crews, ascertaining the exact direction of wind (this information being
required for the use of the smoke screens), and reforming into
"approach order" after casting off the tow of the submarines and small
craft. It was then pitch dark, the moon being entirely obscured by
clouds. It has been stated elsewhere that the _Intrepid_ did not
disembark any of her surplus crews. The small vessel detailed to take
these men failed to appear owing to a breakdown; this must have pleased
the _Intrepid's_ surplus crew who, it will be remembered, had shown a
strong disinclination to leave their {171} ship. To some extent
_Thetis_ and _Iphigenia_ were similarly placed; history relates that
when the small vessels arrived alongside many members of the surplus
crews could not be found, so anxious were they to complete the
operation which they had begun so well.
No time was lost in reforming the squadron and we started off again for
position G. At about this time all conditions of wind and sea were
still favourable, but slight rain had begun to fall and to reduce the
already very limited visibility. The rain thus provided the first of
the incidents which could not be foreseen.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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