The Body at Work: A Treatise on the Principles of PhysiologyHill, Alex
Science
The Body at Work: A Treatise on the Principles of Physiology
Hill, Alex
Physiology
It has already been pointed out that the body is not entirely dependent
upon external agencies for the production of the sugar which it needs.
When the supply is inadequate, it manufactures glycogen for itself
out of the other constituents of the diet. It can, indeed, make it at
the expense of its own proteins. If a dog which has been caused to do
muscular work, without a sufficiency of carbohydrate food, until (as
judged from a control experiment) all glycogen has disappeared from its
liver, be placed under the influence of a narcotic drug, which arrests
the activity of its muscles, glycogen reappears.
=Dietetics.=—Even those who are most ignorant of the science of
physiology flatter themselves that they have one piece of information:
“The whole of the body is renewed once in every seven years.” I cannot
trace the origin of this sapient apothegm, which for generations
has passed current. If seven weeks or seventy years were the period
allowed for the renewal of the tissues, the statement would be equally
near the truth. Judging from the rate at which they are destroyed,
it is unlikely that blood-corpuscles live for more than five or six
weeks. Hairs are shed about two years after they first appear above
the surface. On attaining this age a hair drops off and a new one
takes its place. The superficial cells of the skin are shed in great
numbers every day, and their place taken by younger cells which come
up from the deeper layers. The cells of many glands would seem to
have a comparatively short term of life. On the other hand, some
tissue-elements are far more permanent. By the time a child is a year
old all its nerve-cells are in position. They last as long as the
individual lives. When the statement with regard to the renewal of the
tissues is understood as meaning, not that the cells are destroyed and
replaced by new ones, but that within a period of seven years all the
molecules which enter into their protoplasm are extruded from the body
and replaced by molecules received as food, the assertion verges on the
transcendental. It is unlikely that we shall ever obtain data against
which it can be checked.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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