The Body at Work: A Treatise on the Principles of PhysiologyHill, Alex
Science
The Body at Work: A Treatise on the Principles of Physiology
Hill, Alex
Physiology
It would be impossible in this book to describe all the varieties of
neurone, for nothing is so characteristic of these elements as their
enormous range both in size and form. It may be truly described as
having no limits. Each of the two electric organs of Malapterurus is
governed by a single neurone. Its cell-body is a fifth of a millimetre
or more in diameter—large enough to be seen with the naked eye—and
traversed by capillary bloodvessels. The axon of this nerve-cell—its
single nerve-fibre—ramifies to supply a separate branch to each of the
2,000,000 chambers of the electric organ, and each branch breaks up
into a bunch of twigs within the chamber. Contrast with such a giant
cell as this one of the granules of the retina or cerebellum, the
smallest cells to be found in the body, yet each a perfect neurone,
exquisitely elaborate in form.
[Illustration: FIG. 19.—A NERVE-FIBRE CONSISTING OF A, THE UNDIVIDED,
FIBRILLATED AXON OF A NERVE-CELL, WITH ITS VARIOUS WRAPPINGS.
In segment 1 the wrappings comprise B, a tube of
phosphatic fat (myelin), interrupted at H, a node
of Ranvier; C, a delicate membrane (sarcolemma);
D, connective tissue; E, the rind of the axon;
F, a tubular space containing lymph, between the
axon and its sheath of myelin; G, nucleus of
an enwrapping cell. At I the myelin is seen to
be divided into overlapping conical rings. 2,
The medullated nerve-fibre, running an isolated
course, is merely enclosed in a tube of connective
tissue containing lymph. 3, As a “grey” or
“non-medullated” fibre, the axon has lost its
myelin sheath.]
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