_Cephalophus maxwelli_, =Crawshay=, P. Z. S. 1890, p. 661 (Nyasaland). VERNACULAR NAMES:--_Numitji_, _Blaauw-bokje_, and _Kleine Blaauw-bok_ of Dutch colonists (_Burchell_); _Petee_ of Natal colonists (_Selous_); _Lumsa_ of Achikundas in Zambesia (_Crawshay_); _Impiti_ of Zulus; _Inhlingwaan_ of Shangaans (_Rendall_). Size and characters of horns as in _C. melanorheus_. Colour as in _C. maxwelli_, except that the legs from the elbows and knees downwards are bright rufous. Dimensions:--♀. Height at withers 13 inches, ear 1·6, hind foot 6·1. Skull: basal length 4·3, greatest breadth 2·2, anterior edge of orbit to muzzle 2·4. _Hab._ South Africa, wooded districts of the Cape Colony, extending westwards to Benguela and eastwards to Nyasaland. The Blue Duiker, or “Blaauw-bok,” as the colonists of the Cape call it, is one of the oldest known Antelopes of South Africa, and still exists, although nowhere plentiful, in the wooded districts of the Colony. There has been much diversity of opinion as to the specific name by which this animal should be correctly called, but we believe we are right in adopting the term _monticola_ given to it by Thunberg as long ago as 1789. Thunberg was a distinguished naturalist and traveller of the last century, and a favourite disciple of Linnæus. During his travels to the Cape, Ceylon, Java, and Japan he amassed a rich harvest of plants and animals, which were described in the narrative of his journey, and in the memoirs of various scientific societies. Another term used by many authors for this Antelope is _pygmæa_. But the true _Copra pygmæa_ of Linnæus, as has been shown by the late Sir Victor Brooke, refers to a different Antelope--the little Royal Antelope of West Africa. The remaining terms, such as _cærulea_, _perpusilla_, and _minuta_, which have been applied to this species, are all ante-dated by Thunberg’s term _monticola_. The Blue-buck, Messrs. Nicolls and Eglington tell us, is now found only in the coast districts of the Cape Colony, and occasionally in Natal, being nowhere plentiful. It is solitary in its habits and keeps to the dense bush and forest, from which it is with difficulty dislodged. When pursued by dogs it darts across from cover to cover with surprising celerity. These authors add that this Antelope emits a nasty musky odour and that its flesh is not particularly good. How far the Blue Duiker extends beyond the limits of the Cape Colony is, as yet, a matter of considerable uncertainty, these small Duikers, owing to their close similarity, being still in a state of much confusion. According to M. Du Bocage, as recorded in the Zoological Society’s ‘Proceedings’ for 1878, this species is found in Benguela and Loando, far up the west coast. On the east coast Peters obtained specimens near Mozambique, Quillemane, and Inambane, and in Boror, which, in his ‘Reise nach Mossambique,’ he refers to the present species. 1