Bosman, in his Description of the Gold Coast, published at Utrecht in 1704[2], seems to have been the first author who mentions the Royal Antelope. After describing the colour and very small size of the animal, and the custom of making the feet into pipe-stoppers (one of which he states he had sent home set in gold), Bosman writes:--“the negroes call it the ‘King of the Harts.’ This expression, no doubt, originated the English name of ‘Royal Antelope,’ by which this species has always been known.” The celebrated ‘Thesaurus’ of Seba, published in 1734, gives us the first record of specimens of this animal having found their way into European museums, figure 3 of the 43rd plate of that work, illustrating his _Cervus juvencus perpusillus guineensis_, being, as Sir Victor Brooke has shown, undoubtedly referable to the Royal Antelope. In 1754 the Museum of King Adolphus Frederick seems to have contained a specimen of this animal, and it was in the folio catalogue of this collection that Linnæus appears to have first given a definite name (_Capra perpusilla_) to the present species. It seems, therefore, that the two sources from which Linnæus derived his knowledge of it were Seba’s ‘Thesaurus,’ with possibly an examination of Seba’s specimens, and, secondly, the Museum of King Adolphus Frederick. As regards the ‘Systema Naturæ,’ Linnæus first mentioned this species in his second edition (1740), and gave as its diagnosis “_Capra pedibus digito humane augustioribus_” with a reference to figure 3 of plate 43 of Seba’s ‘Thesaurus.’ In the 6th edition of the ‘Systema’ (1748) both diagnosis and reference are repeated word for word. But in 1754, when Linnæus prepared his catalogue of the Museum of King Adolphus Frederick just alluded to, besides describing a specimen of the Royal Antelope in that collection, to which he applies the diagnosis of the ‘Systema Naturæ’ given above, he mentions on the same page a second specimen under the name _Cervus guineensis_. This, as Sir Victor Brooke has shown, was evidently quite a different animal--probably a young of some small species of _Cephalophus_. Nevertheless, in the 10th edition of the ‘Systema Naturæ,’ published in 1758, Linnæus, regardless of the name _Capra perpusilla_ given in former publications, now attributes to the same species the new name _Capra pygmæa_, and also founds another species, “_Cervus guineensis_,” on the _Cervus griseus subtus nigricans_ of the “Museum Adolphi Frederici.” In the 12th edition of the ‘Systema’ (1766) these two species are united under the title _Moschus pygmæus_. It is, however, manifest from the diagnosis, and from his reference to Seba’s plate, that the “Royal Antelope” was the principal object in Linnæus’s mind when he founded his _Capra pygmæa_. There is also little doubt, as Sir Victor Brooke has shown, that the young specimen of the Royal Antelope which ultimately passed from Seba’s Museum to Leyden was the original of Seba’s figure, plate 43. fig. 3,