In South-western Africa the Dik-diks are represented by a somewhat similar species of rather larger size, of which, however, we as yet know very little. In fact the typical specimen in the British Museum and two others in the South-African Museum, Capetown, are the only authentic examples of this species yet received, though it is probable that specimens in the Lisbon and Leyden Museums may be likewise referable to it. [Illustration: Fig. 28. Fore part of skull of _Madoqua damarensis_; side view (reduced). (P. Z. S. 1880, p. 21.)] [Illustration: Fig. 28 _a_. Upper view of snout of _M. damarensis_. Fig. 28 _b_. Lower view of snout of _M. damarensis_. Fig. 28 _c_. Lower view of snout of _M. saltiana_. (P. Z. S. 1880, p. 21.)] [Illustration: Fig. 28 _d_. Posterior mandibulary molar of _M. saltiana_. Fig. 28 _e_. Posterior mandibulary molar of _M. damarensis_. (P. Z. S. 1880, p. 22.)] In 1879 Sclater received from Mr. Roland Trimen, F.R.S., then Curator of the South-African Museum, Capetown, a female specimen of a Dik-dik which had been obtained by Mr. Eriksson in Damaraland, and handed it over to Dr. Günther for determination. Dr. Günther described it, at a meeting of the Zoological Society of London in January 1880, as belonging to a new species, which he proposed to call “_damarensis_” after its locality. Dr. Günther pointed out that externally the new species resembled the Abyssinian _M. saltiana_ very nearly, but was unmistakably different in cranial characters, which he described as follows:--“As in _M. saltiana_, the intermaxillary and lacrymal bones form a suture together. But the lateral branches of the intermaxillary are much narrower than in that species, and altogether of the same shape as in _M. kirki_; and the entire prelacrymal part of the snout is narrower than in _M. saltiana_, which is especially striking in the lower view of the snout (figs. 28 _b_ and 28 _c_). Also with regard to the form and size of the nasal bones the new species is in some measure intermediate between the two other species. The suture, by which the nasals are united with the frontals, forms a much more obtuse angle than in _M. saltiana_, but is not a straight transverse line as in _M. kirki_. The size of these bones is the same as in the Abyssinian species. The hindermost molar of the lower jaw has a third lobe developed behind with a single enamel fold as in _M. kirki_. The nasal cavity seems to be as distensible as in the Abyssinian species.” Mr. Trimen furnished Sclater with the following information respecting this specimen:--