| | Australasian Colonies. | European reconstruction. | | | | | Absolutist reaction: the | | | | | Holy alliance. | | |1820 +--------------------------+-----------------------------+1820 | | | | Independence of South and | | | | | Central American States. | | | | | Greek War of Independence, | | | | | 1822-29. | | | | Aggressive Eastward | FRANCE: Constitutional | | | | movement of Persia | Monarchy under Louis | | | | checked at Herat. | Philippe, 1830-48. | | | | First Afghan Wars, | GREAT BRITAIN: Parliamentary| | | | 1839-42. | Reform and manufacturing | | | | CHINA: First collision | development. Railways. | | | | with Europe. | | | |1840 +--------------------------+-----------------------------+1840 | | | Sikh Wars, 1845-49. | Charles Darwin. | | | | Annexations under | Revolutionary movements in | | | | Dalhousie. | Europe. | | | | Indian Mutiny, 1857. | FRANCE: Republic (1849) | | | | Transfer of Indian | passing to Empire of | | | | Government to British | Napoleon III. (1852). | | | | Crown, 1858. | Crimean War, 1854-56. | | | | JAPAN: Admission of | Establishment of responsible| | | | foreign traders. | government in British | | | | | Colonies. | | |1860 +--------------------------+-----------------------------+1860 | | | JAPAN: Revived power of | American Civil War, | | | | the Mikado. | 1861-65. Abolition of | | | | | Slavery. | | | | Advance of Russia in | Independence of United Italy| | | | Central Asia towards | under Victor Emmanuel. | | | | India. | Prussia acquires leadership | | | | | of German States 1866. | | | | Second Afghan War, | Franco-Prussian War, | | | | 1878-80. | 1870-71. New German | | | | | Empire, and new French | | | | | Republic. | | | | | Russo-Turkish War, 1877-78. | | |1880 +--------------------------+-----------------------------+1880 | | | Mahdism in the Eastern | British control established | |