A second chief type of instrument is the one-edged bronze knife with elegantly curved back and a handle tongue. [Illustration: THE HILL OF TROY, IN WHICH IS RECORDED A WONDERFUL STORY OF MAN’S PROGRESS Seven towns of Troy were built upon this hill, one above the ruins of the other, the earliest dating from 3000 B.C.; and the brilliant excavations of Dr. Henry Schliemann, which have won him immortal fame, have contributed more to our knowledge of the history of mankind than any other excavations in our time, as on this site is concentrated a continuous record of man’s progress from the late Stone Age to the height of Greek civilisation. ] The manner in which iron was found in the lake-dwellings, as mentioned above, shows the gradual development of a period of transition between a Bronze and an Iron Age. In spite of the difference in the material which the lake-dwellers used for making their weapons and tools in the periods of transition, they still imitate the old forms received from their forefathers. Just as the first metal axes of copper are copies of the stone axes, so also, when iron first became known, were weapons made of this metal which corresponded in form to the bronze weapons that had hitherto been used. The Bronze Period was first proved to have been a complete form of culture in the North of Europe--in North Germany and Scandinavia. We have now succeeded in establishing the fact that it was a preliminary stage of the Iron Age, in locally original development, in all ancient centres of culture. It is very remarkable that the civilised states of the New World also employed only copper and bronze as working metals. Thus the Peruvians did not know iron any more than the other American peoples until they came in contact with European influences. Besides copper and bronze they had tin and lead, gold and silver. The Peruvian bronzes contain silver to the extent of five to ten per cent. There are axes or celts of bronze similar to the rudest of the first European beginnings in metal corresponding in form to the simple stone axe. Many of the other forms of weapons and implements familiar in the Bronze Age of the Old World were also made of bronze or copper in America; semi-lunar knives with a handle in the middle, lance-heads and arrow-heads, swords, war-clubs like morning stars, etc. At the same time weapons and implements of stone still remained in use. In the Old World progress beyond bronze is everywhere due to iron. [Illustration: EXCAVATIONS IN THE TEMPLE OF ATHENA AT TROY Dr. Schliemann’s discoveries in the ruins of this temple and the ruins of older buildings beneath it were among the richest in the entire annals of archæological research. ]