Nevertheless, when the _Galatea_, whose challenge had been postponed until 1886, came out, the _Puritan_ had already been distanced by an American rival, the _Mayflower_, practically a larger copy of herself, as _Galatea_ was of _Genesta_, and, therefore, a lead-keeled center-board boat, having a cutter-like rig. Trial races showed that the _Mayflower_ was able to beat all her beautiful predecessors, and again the British contestant was obliged to take a defeat and leave the prize in New York. The result of this last contest (1886) was to cause British yachtsmen to abandon their old tonnage rule of measurement and adopt the far better modern one of load-line and sail-area measurement. Another challenge immediately came from Glasgow, supported by a boat named _Thistle_, built under the new rule; and to oppose it Mr. Burgess built the _Volunteer_, which differed from its predecessors mainly in increased draft and tendency toward the cutter model. She easily beat the _Thistle_, and the discouraged foreigners rested for some years before trying again to wrest from us the coveted trophy. [Illustration: “PURITAN.”] [Illustration: FROM PHOTOGRAPHS BY J. S. JOHNSTON AND PURVIANCE. “MAYFLOWER.”] In 1891, however, there came to New York, from the yards of the Herreshoff Brothers, in Rhode Island, a new forty-six-foot yacht, which soon put the fame of the _Volunteer_ and all her glorious rivals into the background. This was the _Gloriana_, “remarkable as a daring and original departure from the accepted theories.” The radical novelty in her form consisted in the great cutting away of her bulk under water while preserving the full extent of the water-line, and the making of a very deep, heavily loaded keel, trusted for stability. Her hull was also novel, consisting of a double skin of thin wood on steel frames, while the upper part of the hull projected excessively at both ends. She was everywhere a winner, and was immediately followed by a smaller boat, the _Dilemma_, whose keel was an almost rectangular plate of steel, the ballast, which alone was trusted for stability, being in the form of a cigar-shaped cylinder of lead bolted to the lower edge of the “fin,” as this kind of keel was appropriately styled. Many boats of this pattern were soon afloat, most of them highly successful at home and abroad, and carrying a surprising spread of canvas.