In the preceding chapters I have noted the development of metallurgy by the ancient Egyptians. They probably began with gold,[485] the easiest of all ores to find and to work; it was abundant in Upper Egypt, and about B.C. 1600 they found a California in ‘Kush’ (Æthiopia). They called it Tum, Khetem, and Nb, which is variously pronounced Nebu, Neb, and Nub, whence Nubia. It has two hieroglyphic determinatives [Hieroglyphs], the necklace and the washing-bowl covered with the straining-cloth. The Kemites called silver ‘white gold,’[486] showing the movement of invention; and they could draw silver wire three thousand years ago. Wilkinson (II. chap. viii.) remarks, ‘The position of the silver-mines is unknown’; but he wrote before the discovery of Midian, where surface-stones have been picked up containing three ounces per ton. As their pictures prove, they worked iron, although little has outlasted the corrosion of Time. They applied the blow-pipe to the works of the whitesmith. They were well acquainted with soldering by lead or alloys,[487] as is shown by the Shesh or Sistrum of Mr. Burton. I may here remark parenthetically that this _crepitaculum_ used in temple-service gave rise to the Maracá or Tammaraka, the sacred rattle, a gourd full of pebbles worshipped by the Brazilian Tupis, who thus acknowledged the mysterious influence of rhythmic sounds.[488] They were skilful in the damascening[489] or inlaying of weapons, an invention claimed by those model ‘claimants,’ the Greeks. Their simple process was to cut out the ground, to hammer in gold and silver, and, finally, to file and polish the surface.[490] [Heading: _EGYPTIAN WEAPONS._]