[FN#33] The second Khalif after Mohammed (A.H. 13-23) and the most renowned for piety and just government of all the borders of the office, except perhaps his descendant Omar ben Abdulaziz (A.H. 99-102). [FN#34] As a reward (in the next world) for good deeds. [FN#35] The fourth Khalif. [FN#36] The word rendered "good breeding" may also be translated "polite accomplishments" or "mental discipline" and has a great number of other meanings. [FN#37] Sixth Khalif and founder of the Ommiade dynasty (A.H. 41 60). [FN#38] One of the most notable men of the day, chief of the great tribe of the Benou Temim. He was a contemporary of the Prophet and was held in much esteem by Muawiyeh. [FN#39] Surname of Ahnaf. [FN#40] Governor of Bassora and other places under the first four Khalifs. [FN#41] Ziad teen Abou Sufyan, illegitimate brother of the Khalif Muawiyeh, afterwards governor of Bassora Cufa and the Hejaz. [FN#42] Because it might have been taken to mean, "inhabitants of hell." [FN#43] i.e. death. [FN#44] A battle fought near Medina, A.D. 625, in which Mohammed was defeated by the Meccans under Abou Sufyan. [FN#45] One of Mohammed's widows and Omar's own daughter. [FN#46] A well-known man of letters and theologian of the seventh and eighth centuries. [FN#47] i.e. to prepare himself by good works, etc., for the world to come. [FN#48] A celebrated Cufan theologian of the eighth century. [FN#49] i.e. for the next world. [FN#50] The eighth Khalif of the Ommiade dynasty, a rival in piety and single-mindedness of Omar ben Khettab. [FN#51] The descendants of Umeyyeh and kinsmen of the reigning house. [FN#52] The second, fifth, sixth and seventh Khalifs of the Ommiade dynasty. [FN#53] The mother of Omar ben Abdulaziz was a granddaughter of Omar ben Khettab. [FN#54] Brother of Omar's successor, Yezid II. [FN#55] This passage apparently belongs to the previous account of Omar's death-bed; but I have left it as it stands in the text, as it would be a hopeless task to endeavour to restore this chaos of insipid anecdote and devotional commonplace to anything like symmetry. [FN#56] Lit. with (or by) neither book (i.e. Koran) nor Sunneh (i.e. the Traditions of the Prophet). [FN#57] Chief of the tribe of Temim and one of the most elegant orators of the eighth century. [FN#58] Surnamed Eth Thekefi, Governor of Yemen and Irak: also a well known orator, but a most cruel and fantastic tyrant. [FN#59] Tenth Khalif of the Ommiade dynasty (A.D. 723-742). [FN#60] i.e. slave-girl. [FN#61] i.e. It was decreed, so it was. [FN#62] Nuzhet ez Zeman. [FN#63] Nuzhet ez Zeman. [FN#64] Zoulmekan. [FN#65] Nuzhet ez Zeman. [FN#66] Sedic. [FN#67] Sidc. [FN#68] Mohammed Ibn Shihab ez Zuhri, a celebrated Traditionist and jurisconsult of Medina in the seventh and eighth centuries. [FN#69] Alexander. [FN#70] The celebrated fabulist, said to have been a black slave of the time of David, but supposed by some to be identical with Aesop.