I have already spoken of the Norse word _hamr_, I wish now to make some
further remarks upon it. _Hamr_ is represented in Anglo-Saxon by
_hama_, _homa_, in Saxon by _hamo_, in old High German by _hamo_, in
old French by _homa_, _hama_, to which are related the Gothic
_gahamon_, _ufar-hamon_, _ana-hamon_, {Greek _e?ndúesðai_}, {Greek
_e?pendúesðai_}; _and-hamon_, _af-hamon_, {Greek _a?pekdúein_} {Greek
_e?kdúesðai?_} thence also the old High German _hemidi_, and the modern
_Hemde_, garment. In composition we find this word, as _lîk-hagnr_, in
old Norse; in old High German _lîk-hamo_, Anglo-Saxon _lîk-hama_, and
_flæsc-hama_, Old Saxon, _lîk-hamo_, modern German _Leich-nam_, a body,
_i. e._ a garment of flesh, precisely as the bodies of birds are called
in old Norse _fjaðr-hamr_, in Anglo-Saxon _feðerhoma_, in Old Saxon
_fetherhamo_, or feather-dresses and the bodies of wolves are called in
old Norse _ûlfshamr_, and seals’ bodies in Faroëse _kôpahamr_. The
significance of the old verb _að hamaz_ is now evident; it is to
migrate from one body to another, and _hama-skipti_ is a transmigration
of the soul. The method of this transmigration consisted in simply
investing the body with the skin of the animal into which the soul was
to migrate. When Loki, the Northern god of evil, went in quest of the
stolen Idunn, he borrowed of Freyja her falcon dress, and at once
became, to all intents and purposes, a falcon. Thiassi pursued him as
he left Thrymheimr, having first taken upon him an eagle’s dress, and
thereby become an eagle.
In order to seek Thor’s lost hammer, Loki borrowed again of Freyja her
feather dress, and as be flew away in it, the feathers sounded as they
winnowed the breeze (_fjaðrhamr dunði_).
In like manner Cædmon speaks of an evil spirit flying away in
feather-dress: “þät he mid feðerhomon fleôgan meahte, windan on wolkne”
(Gen. ed. Gr. 417), and of an angel, “þuo þar suogan quam engil þes
alowaldon obhana fun radure faran an feðerhamon” (Hêlj. 171, 23), the
very expression made use of when speaking of a bird: “farad an
feðarhamun” (Hêlj. 50,11).
The soul, in certain cases, is able to free itself from the body and to
enter that of beast or man—in this form stood the myth in various
theological systems.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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