Although the activities of Matthew Hopkins reached their culminating
point in the trial of the Manningtree Witches, held before Sir Matthew
Hale at Ipswich in 1645, they were only a part of his bag in that year,
as we may gather from a statement in Beaumont's "Treatise on Spirits,"
that "thirty-six were arraigned at the same time before Judge Coniers,
an. 1645, and fourteen of them hanged and a hundred more detained in
several prisons in Suffolk and Essex." Nearly twenty years later,
in 1664, we find the Witchfinder-General at work in Great Yarmouth,
where he accused sixteen old women, all of whom were convicted and
executed; and in the same year took place the St. Edmunsbury trials
already referred to. Nevertheless it must be said for Matthew Hopkins,
gent., that by the very enthusiasm he imparted into his business he
did something towards checking the tide of persecution even at the
full. Although the general public gave little sign of satiety, those
in authority and the more educated class in general were growing tired
of so much useless bloodshed. Witch-trials continued unabated, but
towards the close of the century the judge's directions to his jury
were frequently such as to ensure an acquittal; while, even when found
guilty, the accused were often reprieved through the judge's exertions.
Among these just judges the name of Lord Chief Justice Holt merits a
high place, as of one more than usually in advance of his age.
In 1694, before the same Lord Chief Justice, at Bury Saint Edmunds,
was tried Mother Munnings, of Hartis, in Suffolk. Many things were
deposed concerning her spoiling of wort and harming of cattle, and,
further, that several persons upon their death-beds had attributed
their destruction to her arts. Thus it was sworn that Thomas Pannel,
the landlord, not knowing how to turn her out of his house, took away
the door and left her without one. Some time after, he happening to
pass by, she said to him, "Go thy way; thy nose shall lie upward
in the churchyard before Saturday next." On the Monday following
Pannel sickened, died on the Tuesday, and was buried within the week,
according to her word. To confirm this, another witness added that a
doctor, being consulted about another afflicted person, and Mother
Munnings being mentioned, said that she was a dangerous woman, for she
could touch the line of life. In the indictment she was charged with
having an imp like a polecat, and one witness swore that coming from
the alehouse about nine o'clock at night, he looked through her window,
and saw her take two imps out of a basket, a black and a white. It was
further deposed that one Sarah Wager, after a quarrel with the accused,
was struck dumb and lame, and was in that condition at home at the time
of the trial. Many other equally dreadful accusations were brought, and
things might have gone hard for Mother Munnings had not the Lord Chief
Justice been on the bench. He, however, directed the jury to bring in
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