The water pump keeps water flowing around the cylinders to prevent them from getting too hot. This water comes back to the pump through the radiator at the front of the car. Wind blows through the radiator and cools off the water. The tire pump on up-to-date cars is run by the engine. It does not pump except when the gears, which are shown in the picture, are pulled together.] [Illustration: An electric motor starts the engine by turning the fly-wheel. This makes it unnecessary to get out and crank the car by hand.] [Illustration: SECOND STAGE OF CONSTRUCTION The transmission is added. The transmission makes it possible to reverse the car. It also enables the driver to go into high-speed gear when on level roads and low-speed gear for starting and for pulling hills.] [Illustration: Double-drop pressed steel frame. The frame on which the car is built.] [Illustration: Addition of semi-elliptic and three-fourths-elliptic springs to frame. Large springs are placed at the front and rear of the frame. They make the car ride smoothly.] [Illustration: Adding the front axle.] [Illustration: READY FOR THE WHEELS Showing addition of full-floating rear axle.] [Illustration: Completed engine and transmission is next fastened to the frame and connected to the rear axle by the drive shaft.] [Illustration: Showing addition of gasoline tank and gas lead to carburetor.] [Illustration: Showing how steering gear is connected.] [Illustration: WHAT THE COMPLETED CHASSIS LOOKS LIKE Wheels are next added to chassis.] [Illustration: Completed chassis with radiator added. The water which keeps the engine from getting too hot is pumped around the cylinders and then through the radiator. The wind blows through the little openings in the radiator, and cools off the water. Then the water is pumped around the cylinders again.] [Illustration: The steps and fenders are next attached.] [Illustration: THE MARVELLOUS GROWTH OF TWENTY YEARS The finished car.] [Illustration: GASOLINE AUTOMOBILE. The first American-built automobile, now in Smithsonian Institute, Washington, D. C., where this photograph was taken. The rude carriage that was a curiosity twenty years ago and less--the vehicle that vied with the two-headed calf and the wild man of Borneo at the county fairs--was the beginning of the greatest transportation aid since the birth of civilization. Because of it our standards of living have become higher. It has broadened the horizon of all of us. Built by Elwood Haynes, in Kokomo, Indiana, 1893-1894. Equipped with one-horse-power engine. Successful trial trip made at speed of six or seven miles an hour, July 4, 1894. Gift of Elwood Haynes, 1910. 262,135.] [Illustration: When an automobile passed you twenty years ago.] [Illustration: HOW AUTOMOBILES HAVE IMPROVED LEFT SIDE VIEW RIGHT SIDE VIEW