When the scrap has all been melted, a test is taken to determine the amount of carbon remaining in the bath. Iron ore is added from time to time until the carbon in the bath has been reduced to the desired point, and the metal is sufficiently hot to pour. At this point “recarburizers” (consisting of Ferro-Manganese, Ferro-Silicon, and pig-iron, or coal) are added to get the required composition. The tap hole at the back of the furnace is opened, and the steel is allowed to run out into a ladle, the slag coming last and forming a blanket over the steel in the ladle.] [Illustration: Crane Carrying Ingot and Soaking Pit Furnaces. The ladle is picked up by an electric crane and carried over cast-iron moulds, which are set on cars, the steel being poured into the moulds, resulting in steel ingots. A sufficient amount of time is allowed for the steel to become chilled or set, when the cars are pushed under an electric stripper, where the moulds are removed from the ingots. After the ingots leave the stripper they are taken to the scales and weighed, and after weighing are put into the soaking pits. The pits get their name from the part they play in the heating of the steel for rolling. When the steel ingot is stripped the outside of the ingot is cool enough to hold the inside, which is still in a liquid state, and the steel is put into the soaking pits to allow the inside to settle into a solid mass, after which the ingot is reheated for rolling. The length of time in the soaking pits depends upon the size of the ingot, as the larger the ingot, the greater length of time is required to set. When the steel is ready for rolling it is taken from the pits by overhead electric cranes, and placed into a dump buggy at the end of a roller line, which leads to the blooming mill. The dump buggy derives its name from the fact that when the ingot is placed into same in an upright position, the buggy, in order to place the ingot into a horizontal position on the roller line, dumps over, in the same way as if one were to rock too far forward in a rocking-chair, the dump buggy operating on the same principle.] [Illustration: GETTING READY TO MAKE A RAIL Blooming Mill and Engine. The ingot travels down the movable-roller line to the blooming-mill rolls, which roll it down from a piece 19 inches by 23 inches to what is known as an 8 inch by 8 inch bloom, which is the size usually used in the manufacture of rails. The blooming mill derives its name from the fact that after an ingot is rolled in same it is no longer called an ingot, but a bloom.