[Illustration: A SUBMARINE UNDER THE ICE UNDER-ICE SUBMARINE TORPEDO BOAT. Submarine designed to navigate submerged under the ice, in ice-bound countries. Vessels of this type could enter harbors and destroy the enemy’s shipping at will. A vessel of this type would also be of value in transporting mails, passengers and cargoes between ice-bound ports where navigation by surface vessels is closed for several months in the year.] Story of How the Submarine Has Been Developed. It is only within the past twenty years that man has been able to successfully navigate under the surface of the water. ~WHO MADE THE FIRST SUBMARINE BOAT?~ It has been a dream of inventors and engineers for the past three hundred years. During the reign of King James I. a crude submarine vessel was built of wood, and was designed to be propelled by oars extending out through holes in the side of the vessel, the water being prevented from coming in through the openings by goat skins tied about the oars and nailed to the sides of the boat, which made a water-tight joint, but at the same time gave flexibility to the oars, so that by feathering them on the return stroke they could be manipulated to give head motion. Very little, if any, success could have attended this effort. Nearly a hundred years later a man by the name of Day built a submarine and made a wager that he could descend to 100 yards and remain there 24 hours. He built a boat and submerged it in a place where there was a depth of 100 yards. He succeeded in remaining the 24 hours, and according to latest advices is still there, as he never returned to the surface. There is very little information as to the construction of these early craft. The first really serious attempt at submarine navigation was made by a Connecticut man, a Dr. David Bushnell, who lived at Saybrook during the Revolutionary War. He built a small submarine vessel which he called the “American Turtle,” and with it he expected to destroy the British fleet, anchored off New York during its occupation by General Washington and the Continental Army. Thatcher’s Military Journal gives a description of this vessel and describes an attempt to sink the British frigate “Eagle” of 64 guns by attaching a torpedo to the bottom of the ship by means of a screw manipulated from the interior of this submarine vessel. A sergeant who operated the “Turtle” succeeded in getting under the British vessel, but the screw which was to hold the torpedo in place came in contact with an iron scrap, refused to enter, and the implement of destruction floated down stream, where its clockwork mechanism finally caused it to explode, throwing a column of water high in the air and creating consternation among the shipping in the harbor. Skippers were so badly frightened that they slipped their cables and went down to Sandy Hook. General Washington complimented Dr. Bushnell on having so nearly accomplished the destruction of the frigate.