The books of the Apocrypha : $b their origin, teaching and contentsOesterley, W. O. E. (William Oscar Emil)
Religion
The books of the Apocrypha : $b their origin, teaching and contents
Oesterley, W. O. E. (William Oscar Emil)
Bible. Apocrypha -- Introductions
That this land cannot be either the Far East, Persia, Assyria,
Babylonia, or Media, as has been held by different scholars, is
shown by Simpson, who says that “such surmises are, at the outset,
negatived by the author’s ignorance of Eastern geography and his
acceptance of the ordinary standards of Greek and Roman geographies.
That the Tigris flowed between Nineveh and Media was an idea common
among the Greeks; that Ecbatana was situated in a plain was a
constant Western fallacy, and is repeated in Diodorus ii. 13, 6, in a
passage dependent on Ctesias.”[389] Another, apparently small, point
also suggests Egypt; it is said in vi. 3 that “a great fish leaped up
out of the water, and would have swallowed the foot of the young man
...”; no ordinary fish would do this kind of thing, it points rather
to a crocodile of the Nile, and this was probably in the writer’s
mind; “this conjecture,” in the words of Robertson Smith, “is raised
almost to certainty when we read in Kazwini i. 132 that the smell of
the smoke of a crocodile’s liver cures epilepsy, and that its dung
and gall cure leucoma, which was the cause of Tobit’s blindness. Very
similar statements as to the medicinal virtues of the crocodile occur
in Greek and Latin writers.”[390]
Further, the sources utilized by the writer of the book suggest
Egypt as the place of its origin; “only Egyptian Jews could need an
antidote to the _Tractate of Khons_,” and this seems to have been
one main purpose of the book.[391] Finally, if, as seems upon the
whole probable, the book was originally written in Greek, a further
reason for regarding Egypt as its original home is offered. Some
scholars are strong advocates of a Semitic (Hebrew or Aramaic)
original, but to give details of the reasons for either contention
would involve technicalities which would be inappropriate here. It
must suffice to say that the Greek as a whole does not read like
a translation, whatever may be the case in isolated instances.
If one reads the Greek of Ecclesiasticus, which is admittedly a
translation, and compares it with that of the Book of Tobit, the
difference is enormous, and forces one to believe that if Tobit was
originally written in Hebrew or Aramaic, its Greek form must be not a
translation, but a paraphrase.[392]
It is, however, quite possible that the home of the writer was
Palestine, and that for some reason or other he was compelled to
spend some considerable time in Egypt. Ben-Sira’s grandson, who was
evidently a native of Palestine, came into Egypt and continued there
and issued his grandfather’s book in a Greek form while living there.
On the supposition that the writer of Tobit was a native of Palestine
sojourning in Egypt the Aramaic traits in his book could be explained
in a quite natural way.
VI. THE VALUE OF THE BOOK FOR NEW TESTAMENT STUDY
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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