Then, whilst he is describing his journey to Macedonia (ii. 12-17), he breaks off suddenly into a digression, in which he describes the dignity of the apostolic ministry, its superiority over the Mosaic ministry, the nature of its commission, and the seal of it in a life which is always martyrdom (iii. 1-vi. 13). St. Paul concludes this section with a short appeal to the Corinthians to avoid contamination from heathenism (vi. 14-vii. 1). He then returns to the situation of ii. 13. He tells us with how much joy he received the news that Titus brought him--joy for the Corinthians, for Titus, and for himself. The next two chapters (viii., ix.) contain instructions and exhortations respecting the fund mentioned in 1 Cor. xvi. 1. The last four chapters follow quite naturally. The apostle speaks with plain severity to rebuke those who created the recent disturbance, and to warn any there may be whose submission perhaps has not been quite entire. The prevailing tone is that of pathetic and sorrowful expostulation. St. Paul repeats the unkind things that have been said of him--how unimposing his presence, that he depends on alms, that he is only eloquent with his pen. But he defends his apostleship with absolute though very humble confidence, counting up the things that he can say for himself--his share in Jewish privileges, his sufferings for Christ, the revelations that God has sent him, the signs of his success, the continual weakness that Christ gives and blesses. Truly, the apostle is even greater than his grief. The Epistle concludes with a benediction, in which St. Paul co-ordinates the Three Persons of the Holy Trinity. From primitive times these words have been used as the introduction to the most solemn part of the Greek liturgy, from which they were taken into the services of the Church of England. {149} ANALYSIS (1) St. Paul's thankfulness and exhortation: i. 1-ii. 17.--Salutation, thanksgiving, the promised visit postponed, the previous letter, the penitent offender. St. Paul's journey to Macedonia, triumph in Christ. (2) The Apostle's ministry: iii. 1-vii. 1.--His converts are his letters of commendation, the superiority of this ministry of the gospel above that of the Mosaic dispensation (iii.). Christ the subject of his preaching, present light affliction resulting in eternal glory (iv.). Inspiring hopes of the resurrection, constraining love of Christ, the ministry of reconciliation based on the atonement (v.). He persuades and suffers (vi. 1-13). Warning against being yoked with unbelievers (vi. 14-vii. 1). (3) The Corinthian Church and Titus: vii. 2-ix. 15.--The visit of Titus to Corinth, the godly sorrow that followed (vii. 2-16). The collection for the poor at Jerusalem, Macedonian generosity, praise of Titus (viii.). Exhortation to a generosity like that of the Macedonians (ix.). (4) A sorrowful expostulation: x.-xiii.--A warning to those who despise his authority (x.).