Full self-revelation of Jesus to His apostles: xiii.-xvii.--At the
Passover He washes the disciples' feet. Judas pointed out and departs.
The question of Peter (xiii. 37), of Thomas (xiv. 5), of Philip (xiv.
8), of Judas (xiv. 22). The work of the Advocate who is to come (xiv.
26). Abiding in Christ, the new commandment to love one another, the
hatred of the world, future testimony of the Spirit of truth (xv.).
The Spirit will convict the world, guide the disciples. Sorrow only
for a little while, final assurances, warm expression of faith on the
part of the apostles, Christ's warning (xvi.).
Christ's intercession (xvii.).
{101}
The death of Jesus, the apparent triumph of unbelief:
xviii.-xix.--Betrayal in the garden, trial before Annas and Caiaphas,
Peter's denial, trial before Pilate, Jesus or Barabbas (xviii.).
The scourging, Pilate's futile endeavour to release Jesus, his
political fears, the crucifixion, "behold thy mother," the
spear-thrust, the writer's personal testimony, the burial by Joseph of
Arimathaea (xix.).
The resurrection, the victory over unbelief: xx.--Mary Magdalene, Peter
and the writer at the sepulchre, the writer records his own conviction.
Jesus manifests Himself to the Magdalene, to the ten disciples, most of
whom had deserted Him, and to Thomas who doubted. Thomas is convinced
of the Divinity of Jesus, the writer states that this Gospel was
written "that ye might believe."
Epilogue: xxi.--The manifestation of Jesus by the sea of Galilee, the
solemn charge to Peter. The editors of the Gospel assert that the
author was the beloved disciple.
(John xxi. 24 was probably written by the Ephesian presbyters who knew
St. John. The rest of the chapter is evidently by the apostle himself,
although, it may have been added at a time later than the rest of the
Gospel, which seems to come to an end with the impressive words in xx.
31. The most contradictory hypotheses have been broached by writers
who have denied the authenticity of ch. xxi. Some have held that it
was added in order to exalt St. John, the apostle of Asia Minor, over
St. Peter, the patron of Rome. Others have held that it was added to
exalt St. Peter. Those who deny the authenticity of the whole Gospel
are compelled to regard ch. xxi. 24 as deliberate false witness.)
_St. John's Oral Teaching._--It seems that before St. John wrote his
Gospel, he had adapted it to oral teaching. This is shown by the
arrangement of facts in combinations of 3, possibly suggested by the 3
manifestations of the Word recorded in the Introduction. There are 3
Passovers recorded, 3 feasts besides the Passovers, 3 journeys to
Judaea, 3 discourses on the last day of Tabernacles before the address
to believing Jews (viii. 31), 3 sayings from the Cross. If we regard
ch. xxi. as added later by St. John, we find in the rest of the Gospel
3 miracles in Judaea, 3 in Galilee, and 3 appearances of the risen Lord.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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