The grain thus removed should extend no farther than the edge of the inner sole. The shoe is now ready for the cement. CEMENTING PROCESS AFTER LASTING. The cement should be spread on the inner sole, and the edges of the upper that are lasted over, smoothly and evenly, to the edge of the in-sole, and _no farther_. Place the shoe or boot to dry in such a position as shall prevent the cement from running, or spreading over other portions of the shoe. One coat of thick cement is usually sufficient. But thick cloth of various descriptions, as Felting, Pilot cloth, etc., will require a double coating. Also some kinds of leather, as buckskin, it being very porous on its surface. All the fibres should be fully saturated with the cement; the _solvent_ of the cement should be _entirely dried out_, or evaporated, before putting on the outer sole. If the solvent is not entirely removed the cementation soon decomposes. The drying process is _all-important_. DIRECTIONS FOR APPLYING THICK OR THIN SOLES TO SHOES AND BOOTS. First it must be remembered, that all _heavy_ or _thick_ soles should be _first_ wet in _warm water_, thus softening them, so that they can be easily formed to the shoe. Then wipe dry from the _cemented surface_, place them in the “Heater,” (or other suitable heating oven,) with the other portions of the stock that are required in the construction of the shoe or boot. Place the shoe upon the “Heater” allowing it to remain only long enough to melt the cement; then if the shoe be a “spring heel,” place it (the heel) upon the shoe. If for a _double sole_, place the middle sole in its place, then the outer sole. Hammer and rub down _firmly_, so as to _exclude all the air_. Keep them in this condition by wetting slightly with _cold_ water, with a sponge, until they are firmly united and _cold_. _Thin stock does not require wetting._ This being done, the shoes are ready for the finisher. The finisher may wet the soles by soaking them in cold water, providing the upper stock is not injured thereby, as would be the case in bronzed or delicate stock. In such cases let them be carefully wet with a sponge. They can then be finished in the desired style. [☞ By using due care, and following the directions as laid down, any style of boot or shoe may be put together, from the coarsest brogan, to the finest kid stock of any color, enamelled leather, in short, all classes of stock without any damage to any portion thereof. Also all kinds of cloth, from the coarsest Felting or Pilot cloth, to the finest and most delicate satins. All may be made in a superior style without the least defect.] REMARKS ON FINISHING.