*The Wires* used to carry the current in a miniature lighting system may
be of the sort known as _annunciator_ or _office_ wire if the wires are
to be run entirely indoors. The wire should not be smaller than No. 16
B. & S. gauge. When the wires are run outdoors, on a porch, or in some
other place exposed to the weather, the wire used should be
rubber-covered. Hanging lights or lights intended to be adjustable
should be connected with "flexible conductor." This is made of a number
of very fine wires braided together and insulated with silk. The wires
used in a lighting system should not in any case be longer than it is
necessary to have them. When a battery is connected to a system of wires
it is found that the voltage at the end of the wires is much lower than
at a point near the battery. This is called voltage "drop," and is much
greater as the wires grow longer. A light placed at the end of two very
long wires will not burn as brightly as it would if connected to the
same battery by means of short wires.
*Switches* can be made by following the suggestions given in Chapter
VII. Suitable switches can be purchased for a few cents at a most any
electrical house and will prove very much neater and efficient. They
should preferably be of any of the types shown in Figure 286.
*The Batteries* used for miniature lighting may be made up of storage
cells, dry cells or carbon cylinder cells. Storage cells will prove the
most satisfactory, provided that the experimenter has some convenient
means of recharging them or of having them recharged. Storage cells will
be found of especial value wherever it is desirable to operate several
lights from one battery.
Carbon cylinder cells are only suitable where one cell is to be operated
at a time. If more than one is used, the battery is liable to become
polarized and the lamps will not burn brightly. Carbon cylinder
batteries are very inexpensive to renew, and will be found the cheapest
method of lighting a small tungsten lamp.
[Illustration: Fig. 286.—Types of Battery Switches suitable for
Miniature Lighting.]
If lamps requiring more than two amperes are to be operated on dry
cells, the latter should be connected in series-multiple, as shown in
Figure 69. Two sets of dry cells connected in series-multiple will give
more than twice the service of a single set.
Lamps may be connected either in multiple or in series, provided that
the proper voltages of both battery and lamps are used.
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