bent into the proper form, and stuck on to the ware, some softer clay being smeared round the joint--the whole, when baked in the kiln, becoming hard and strong. Earthenware is often made to possess some color throughout, as drab, yellow, brown, or black. These tints are produced by admixture of different kinds of clay and oxides in various proportions, oxide of iron generally giving a red or chocolate color, and oxide of manganese a drab, brown, or black color, according to the proportion used. Figures, busts, and many other articles, both for ornament and utility, are made of porcelain by casting, and are produced by filling hollow casts of plaster of Paris with the materials for porcelain, mixed with water to the consistence of cream--this is called “slip,”--and when the hollow cast is filled the porous plaster absorbs most of the moisture from the portion of liquid “slip” next to it, so that, after a time, what remains fluid being poured out, there is found a coating or lining of porcelain mixture of considerable thickness adhering to the interior of the mould too solid to be poured out; the whole is then set in a warm place to dry, and as the porcelain shrinks as it dries, it separates itself from the mould--which, being made of several pieces fastened together, is taken apart without injuring the cast; after it has thoroughly dried it is baked in a kiln or furnace. This is called “Biscuit porcelain.” BRICKS AND TILES. Illustration: PUG MILL. Illustration: STOOL, OR WORKING SHED. Illustration: BARROW FOR WET BRICKS. Illustration: BARROW FOR DRY BRICKS.