First, the three main parts of the model should be made. Those are the two main planes and backbone. The simplest way of making the planes for a model of this kind is to use thin boards of poplar or spruce, which will not split easily and which can be worked with a jackknife. The large plane should be rectangular, with a spread of eight inches and a depth of two inches, while the smaller plane should be the same shape, four by one inch. They should be one eighth of an inch or less in thickness. Plane and sandpaper them down as thin and as smooth as possible without splitting them, and round off the corners just enough to do away with sharp edges. Now draw a line parallel with the side that is eight inches long, three quarters of an inch from the edge. Measure off two inches toward the centre from the outer edges, along this line, and draw lines parallel with the edges that are two inches deep. At the corners which are to be the rear we find the lines make two rectangles three quarters of an inch by two inches, and these corners are to be cut away in a graceful curve from the corners of the rectangles. When it is done the main plane will be shaped like a big D with the curved edge to the rear. The front edge of the small plane also should be curved, but not nearly so much as the larger plane. This done, the planes can be steamed or moistened with varnish, and given a slight curve or camber by laying them on a flat board with a little stick underneath and weights at the front and back to hold down the edges while they dry and set. The sticks should be about one third of the way back from the front edges, from there tapering down to the level of the rear edge. Of course, in this process great care must be used not to split the delicate planes. [Illustration: STANDARD FARMAN BIPLANE Note the box tail and the single elevating plane.] [Illustration: FARMAN PLANE WITH ENCLOSED NOSE This type is sometimes used in Europe, and it led to the Farman "canard" with the box tail in front.] [Illustration: A MODERN BLÉRIOT This machine has the enclosed fuselage and other recent improvements. Note the four-bladed propeller.] [Illustration: A STANDARD BLÉRIOT This is the regular type of Blériot made famous by long over-water flights.] [Illustration: PASSENGER-CARRYING BLÉRIOT This type has tremendous capacity for carrying great weights.]