[217]St. Jerome informs us, that Vespasian removed the head of Nero, and substituted that of the Sun with seven rays. [218]There is no work of Phidias now in existence; the sculptures in the Parthenon were, however, executed by his pupils and under his immediate directions, so that we may form some judgment of his genius and taste. There is a foot in the British Museum, said to be the work of Phidias. [219]Praxiteles held a high rank among the ancient sculptors, and may be considered as second to Phidias alone. [220]Pliny has here confounded two artists of the same name; the Polycletus who was the successor of Phidias, and was not much inferior to him in merit, and Polycletus of Argos, who lived 160 years later, and who also executed many capital works, some of which are here mentioned. It appears that Cicero, Vitruvius, Strabo, Quintilian, Plutarch, and Lucian have also confounded these two artists; but Pausanias, who is very correct in the account which he gives us of all subjects connected with works of art, was aware of the distinction; and it is from his observations that we have been enabled to correct the error into which so many eminent writers had fallen. [221]Myron was born at Eleutheræ, in Bœotia; but having been presented by the Athenians with the freedom of their city, he afterwards resided there, and was always designated an Athenian. [222]A person engaged in the five contests of quoiting, running, leaping, wrestling, and hurling the javelin. [223]Competitors in boxing and wrestling. [224]The lines of Horace are well known, in which he says, that Alexander would allow his portrait to be painted by no one except Apelles, nor his statue to be made by any one except Lysippus. [225]Two copies of this Ganymede are still in existence at Rome. [226]There were two artists of this name, both natives of Samos. This one is the elder Theodorus, and is mentioned by Pausanias as having been the first to fuse iron for statues. [227]What would Pliny say, if he could see and hear the revolvers, rifles, mortars and Gatling guns of our day! [228]Holbein and Mignard did the same, and Charles Felu of Antwerp, born without arms, paints most successfully with his feet. [229]“Inussisse;” meaning that he executed it in encaustic. [230]“Penicillus.” This was the hair-pencil or brush, which was used by one class of painters, in contradistinction to the stylus or cestrum used for spreading the wax-colors. Painters with the brush used what we should term “water-colors;” oil-colors, in our sense of the word, being unknown to the ancients. [231]Μωµήσεται τις µᾶλλον ἡ µιµήσεται. This line is attributed by Plutarch to Apollodorus. [232]The “Chief of the Galli,” or high-priest of Cybele. [233]Achilles, which were awarded to Ulysses in preference to Ajax.