[86] My italics. In the Germany of to-day (May, 1915), exactly the same style of argument is being advanced. [87] c.f. the Dardanelles in May, 1915. [88] Subsequently Sir E. J. Reed, Chief Constructor. [89] c.f. Views expressed about Dreadnoughts, for another reason in the present year (1915). [90] From _Naval Development of the Century_, by Sir N. Barnaby, K.C.B. [91] The _Warrior_ now forms part of the _Vernon_ Establishment at Portsmouth. [92] _Our Ironclad Ships_, by (Sir) E. J. Reed. Sir N. Barnaby in _Naval Development of the Century_ gives 5,470 = 14.36 knots. [93] Apparently the first instance of the putting forward of a principle which later on profoundly affected construction. [94] In 1863, three ironclads, the _Lord Clyde_ and _Lord Warden_, of 7,840 tons, and a small ship, the _Pallas_, 3,660 tons, were constructed with wooden hulls, in order to use up the stores of timber which had been accumulated.--See p. 70, _Our Ironclad Ships_, by Sir E. J. Reed. [95] _Our Ironclad Ships_, by Sir E. J. Reed. [96] The American monitors all had conning towers; but British masted battleships were without them. [97] At a subsequent date, after he had left the Admiralty, he designed the _Independencia_ for Brazil. This ship, afterwards bought into the British Navy as the _Neptune_, was simply an enlarged _Monarch_. Probably, however, the general features of the ship were specified by the Brazilians. [98] The _Scorpion_ and _Wivern_, built for the Confederate States and bought in 1865. The Peruvian _Huascar_ also ante-dated the _Captain_ in design. All of these were low freeboard ships. Coles had something to do with the designs of all. [99] All the above ships had one or more tripod masts. [100] For two of these, 12½ ton M.L.R. were afterwards substituted. [101] Coles had projected 1,000 tons; but 500 was all that she could take. [102] She was then rolling from 12½ to 14 degrees. [103] The _Audacious_ herself was “modernised” in the later eighties. Her sailing rig was removed and a “military rig” substituted. Some minor changes in her lesser guns were also made. [104] _Our Ironclad Ships_, by Sir E. J. Reed. [105] _Ironclads in Action_, by H. W. Wilson. [106] The _Sultan_ was built as a ship-rigged ship. In 1894–96 she was “reconstructed,” two military masts being substituted for her original rig. She was also re-engined and re-boilered by Messrs. Thompson, of Clydebank. Beyond going out for the naval manœuvres one year she did not, however, perform any service in her altered condition, and is now used as a hulk. [107] Later on this was removed and an ordinary revolving turret, carrying _two_ 25 ton guns, substituted. [108] About the year 1890–2 _Devastation_ and _Thunderer_ were re-boilered and re-armed with 10-inch B.L.R. [109] c.f. Frontispiece to _Our Ironclad Ships_, E. J. Reed. [110] _Naval and Military Gazette._ [111] She was about nine years from laying down to completion! Index.